COUNTER CULTURE, COUNTER MEMORY AND PARTICIPATION Essay

COUNTER CULTURE, COUNTER MEMORY AND PARTICIPATION - Essay Example At some point in the 1970s, global economic depression destroyed the illusion of post-World-War-II prosperity and the idea of a ‘post-scarcity society’ (Kellner 1995, 3) was substituted by discourses demanding rationalising expectations, restrictions to growth, and the inevitability of economic and state reform (Kellner 1995); such reform occurred in most regions of the capitalist world throughout the 1980s under the command of conventional regimes which curtail social welfare agendas, while strengthening the military sector and adding to national deficits, with enormous debts that remain unpaid (Jameson 1991). The past decades have also witnessed the downfall of Soviet communism and the culmination of the Cold War (Sebestyen 2009). Communist and capitalist countries, after World War II, begin vying for political, economic, and cultural supremacy. Forces in both leagues provoked hot and cold armed conflicts, leading to intense militarisation and overt and covert hostilities between replacements of the superpowers (Katz 2000). Outrageous military organisations on both blocs and weapons of mass destruction generated an edgy, fearful age, where fanatic and suspicious bureaucrats could pressure citizens into recognising social policies that mostly benefited and profited the powerful and greedy, while delaying major social reform and the construction of a more fair and reasonable social order (Sebestyen 2009). Innovative technologies have also appeared in the recent decades which have altered the orders of everyday life and impressively reorganised work and leisure (Klein 2001). These new globalised infrastructures and networks also offer effective types of social control through more effective, ingeniously hidden strategies of propaganda and manipulation (Klein 2001). Definitely, their very presence might weaken political forces and keep individuals securely installed within

Ultrasound portfolio Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ultrasound portfolio - Research Paper Example Scientists have to scrutinize on the compression and decompression of ultrasound in the transmitting medium, such as water or air. This is only done successfully when the velocity of the traveling sound is constant while in the transmitting medium. Therefore, a simple explanation denotes that around is the epitome of longitudinal waves considered to be in an oscillating movement, which goes back and forth. The oscillation is considered to be in the same direction as the traveling sound waves, thereby encompassing successive zones of compression (Gent 1997). Similarly, the indulgence of successive zones of compression leads to rarefaction. Fig. 1 Courtesy of Hendrick, W., Hykes, D. and Stachman D. (2005) Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation. New York: Elsevier-Mosby. In the figure above, it is evident that there is a consistent flow of waves, as reflected from the compression and transverse waves. In this figure above, the top waves denote the compression wave, while the bottom deno tes the transverse wave. This is a consistent flow of sound waves, used in the physical examination of the principles underlying sound waves. The audible frequency in this diagram is considered to be in a kind of consistent frequency, which is used as one of the physical principles of ultra sound. ... Movement in Doppler ultrasound is detected when there is a change in the sound frequency. The sound frequency change is evidently seen as the movement reflects visible change. When sound is exposed to different mediums, it is duly reflected, depending on the reflecting surface. After a reelection, the surface will detect the direction of the sound. In addition to this, the reflecting surface will dictate change in the frequency of sound, thereby changing its frequency over time. Transducers have the ability of generating electric charges when there is an applied mechanical stress or energy to their physics. Therefore, when there id a continuous operation mode in a transducer, then the voltage will have a directly proportional sound wave. However, this only depends on one principle. The basic principle in this part is that, the voltage should never be turned off. In the end, the voltage on a transducer will generate an equal sound wave. On the other hand, some transformers are not ope rated in a continuous mode. This is the pulsed mode, where the frequency has change over time. When the pulses are introduced to the transducer, it produces different wave lengths, depending on the pulsed frequency. In moist cases, the wavelength produced by ringing a transducer is doubled by the thickness. One physical principle underlying ultrasound is that, sound travels around corners. Evidently, human beings and animals have the ability to hear sounds, even when the sound is at a far distance and around corners. This evidently shows that the basic physical principle of sound is negotiating corners. This is scientifically referred to sound diffraction (Bates, 2004). However, there is a

Prayer Important Spiritual Discipline Theology Religion Essay

Prayer Important Spiritual Discipline Theology Religion Essay Historically, a praying church has been a spirit-filled and consistently growing church. An example of such a church is found in Acts 2. It is stated in verse 42: They devoted themselves to the apostles teaching and fellowship, to the breaking of break and the prayers. The people that this verse is talking about are the new converts, ; the three thousand added. Through prayer the apostles asked for the entire house of Israel to know that God has made Jesus Christ Lord and Messiah, and because of this, three thousand converts were added to the group of apostles. The new converts did not pray for a few minutes a day, they devoted themselves to prayer and to being taught by the apostles. Many churches in the postmodern era wonder why they are not growing in congregation members, and the truth is because they simply are not asking God for it. It says in Gods Word, You do not have, because you do not ask (James 4.2). The church is not growing because it is neglecting the holy communion wi th the Lord.  [3]   Matice 2 From Christ, it is expected that Christians will pray to God. This is seen in the Bible multiple times, for example: the Lords prayer (Matthew 6.9-15).  [4]  This is the prayer that Jesus tells while preaching the Sermon on the Mount to the crowds; it is a concise way that shows people how to pray. Another example is found in Luke 18.1, where Jesus tells a parable about how people need to always pray and to not give up on anything. Because Jesus was so forward about the need for prayer, Christians should give heed to prayer time in a more disciplined fashion, and definitely more often. Prayer should ideally be constant communion with God; it is never losing sight of the fact that one needs to turn their attention to God.  [5]  It is a way that Christians can become more like Christ; by spending time with Him. It is important that Christians are prayerful people because if the Holy Spirit were to come into ones life, it would be through prayer, and also because if the Holy Spi rit is going to work in or through a person, it would start by prayer.  [6]  It is also very important that when a Christian is praying, that they are praying in the Spirit. Because the Spirit prays in agreement to the will of God, there is a one hundred percent chance that the prayer will be answered.  [7]  Prayer is the key that will unlock Gods grace and power.  [8]   Ephesians 1.3 asserts that God has blessed us in Christ with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places. In order to get a hold of those gifts and blessings that God has placed within each of us, we must first ask for them with eager desire through prayer.  [9]  It is Matice 3 confirmed in James: The power of the righteous is powerful and effective (James 5.16). In other words, prayer actually works. Prayer brings the power of God into His childrens work. It is a supernatural gift and ability that can even save peoples souls, as said in 1 John 5.16.  [10]   Donald Whitney positively asserts: To abandon prayer is to fight the battle with our own resources at best, and to lose interest in the battle at worst.  [11]  Without asking for Gods grace during times of struggles or even times of prosperity, they are not fruitful. In order to truly learn how to pray, one needs to meditate on the scriptures. By reading Gods Word, meditating on it, and then praying about what one has meditated on, the Holy Spirit teaches the follower how to pray.  [12]  When we pray, we are speaking to God. It is a privilege to be able to speak to our Maker. It has been so fruitful and productive to study everything about the spiritual discipline of prayer. This year I have decided to take a more orthodox view of Lent, and so I have been studying that in my spare time as well. For Lent, I am going to refrain from sleeping in on school days. I am going to wake up at 6:00 to pray for at least an hour, along with reading the Bible. (good for you Mackenzie) After Christmas this year, when I had come back from my home (in Belgium), as I was jet-lagged, I would be awake at 5:00 here. I read for several hours and prayed each morning for those few weeks, and they were very productive days and I grew intimately with God. I would like to spiritually discipline myself to be able to wake up early in the morning to be with God, and I hope that He will see the yearning in my spirit and will give me the grace to wake up to pray to Him.

Personal Narrative - Catapulting Fish :: Personal Narrative Writing

Catapulting Fish I saw fish. We all did. Little silver fish the size of my palm were all lying sideways on the surface of the water. There were just a few at first, but they kept appearing. I saw a little boy point to a fish and ask his father about it. The boy knew the difference between the fake shark and the real dead fish. I entered Amityville from the employee entrance. Just past the break room there is a 7-foot-tall light blue wooden gate door. Even from there, I could smell it. I made my way up the stairs to the crows’ nest, wearing my uniform and nametag, and opened another blue door. There inside was an old couch, stained and saturated with lagoon water and the skippers’ sweat through the years. I swiped in on the time clock and went back down the stairs to the unload dock to learn which rotation I had been placed in, and with whom. In the closet, on the west end of the unload dock there was a dry erase board with the assigned positions for the skippers during their shifts. I do not remember which rotation I had that day, but I do remember how hard it was to breathe. When I bumped into my first rotation of the day, I discovered a little more about the disaster that accompanied the sharp chlorine-like stench. From the front of the boat, I could see months of accumulated hydraulic fluid floating in metallic and neon colored swirls at the surface of the murky brown lagoon water. The water had been murky for as long as I had worked at JAWS, but that day all of the reasons for its usual questionable color and odor rose to the surface. The boat rounded the corner between the unload and load docks, and arrived at the loading dock, where another skipper at a different stage in his rotation counted the passengers and closed the gate of my boat.

One Nation Under Corn?

A position paper done in fall of 2012 on the cause and affect of the industrialized corn crop. I decided on this subject after my own battle with illness. This battle, ended up changing my diet, and my life as it turns out. I have almost completely removed any corn derived product from my life (all-be-it difficult sometimes) and am a proponent of a purely organic vegetarian diet. One Nation Under Corn? Chad Cribb DeVry University One Nation Under Corn One of the many freedoms we enjoy in this great country is the freedom to choose what you will eat and when you will eat it.Pull up to your favorite fast food burger restaurant, and little thought goes into the entire process. From the drive there, to the ordering of your food, and the packaging they are contained in. When we think more about it, as Michael Pollan did in his book, â€Å"The Omnivore’s Dilemma†, there is a whole lot more going on. Pollan dives deep into the heart of our nation’s fascination with the corn crop and its many uses. Corn started out as a crop grown to feed its people. But in this day and age, very little is actually eaten. Corn has become a giant in the food industry, at a low price; thanks in part to the government help.We started this nation as one based in principle and in the pursuit of freedom†¦. and now it seems†¦ corn. But who is the real beneficiary of this corn crop? And just as important†¦who are the losers? Corn has been around since recorded history and has played a major role in trade and many complex social societies. Corn’s spread across the globe began after contact between the European colonial powers and indigenous peoples of North and South America. It continued on to Africa during the slave trades and was used to actually pay for them. What’s more, it was a source of power for the African middlemen involved in the slave trade.Fast forward now to the 1940’s and 1950’s as corn and corn based foods became c rucial in the agriculture market to sustain military troops during the war. It was after the war that America saw a huge surplus in corn yield partly due to the new hybrid seeds and fertilizers that had recently been manufactured. This surplus had a dramatic effect on the market and the market prices. It was these prices, over the years that caused unpredictable price swings (Wise 2005-9). As our population has increasingly grown thru the years, our need for more food has increased along with it.The polarity between the two was unbalanced and by using the free market approach, farmers regularly had booms and busts in the market. Making farmers the target of continued and increasing depressed prices in their crop. The government soon stepped in with â€Å"The New Deal†, in order to bring supply into line with demand, an approach known as â€Å"supply management† using conservation set-asides, a price floor guaranteeing a fair price (like having a minimum wage), and a gr ain reserve to deal with overproduction. What was not widely known, it appears, is the corporate-world began lobbying for a free market approach again.Beginning in the 1970’s, they used the World Food Crisis and the Russian Wheat Deal to validate their argument to government. Coupling that with the notion of â€Å"getting government out of agriculture†. The result of that was that prices collapsed by the late 1990’s and the government had to bail out farmers with millions in emergency subsidy payments. Prices completely collapsed shortly after the 1996 Freedom to Farm Act, causing expensive taxpayer bailouts. By 2000, subsidies provided 49% of farmers’ net income. This has helped the corn industry to comprise 95% of all food grain produced in America (USDA 2010).The government’s well-intended approach to help â€Å"prop up† the industry, in fact, created a market dependent on the very subsidies that were created to help it. Between 1995 and 2006, the government paid out $56 billion in corn subsidies (Wise 2005-12). What’s more, it helps create a market monopoly. With only 3 companies controlling 90% of the corn market, 2 companies controlling the corn seed market, and 4 companies controlling the high fructose corn syrup industry, the answer should be clear. But as Pollan points out, â€Å"It’s not about who is profiting, but rather who is suffering† (Pollan 2006).Most of what we see in the news is the emphasis placed in the trials and tribulations of the farmer, for the benefit of the consumer. But is it really the consumer who benefits? If the price of food per calorie is the magic calculation, then the answer is yes. But if the average weight per person is, then the answer is no. As the corn industry exploded and the number of companies shrank, corn began a new transformation into other parts of the food industry and more. This came in the form of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), gasoline additiv es, plastics, and cattle feed to name a few.Cattle feed now encompasses over 50% of the industrialized corn produced in America (Wise 2005-11). The increase of this has helped create the perpetual cycle that has infested the industry, and moreover, the agricultural policy that affects it. The overproduction of corn has led to an overconsumption of corn; mostly in an indirect way. America’s agriculture and international trade policies have created an environment that breeds monopolies and corruption. Big business lobbyist has taken hold in an industry that believes in the â€Å"bottom line†.This philosophy has squeezed out the once popular sugar cane, and ushered in the cheaper, easily produced, HFCS for its products. Because the government has placed so many incentives on the production of corn, other more healthy crops have been left behind. Crops like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains have quickly become a thing of the past. The relationship between government and business has become as unhealthy as the population consuming the products they produce. At one point, it almost looks like the industry wanted the market to crash and the government to step in.One would ask why anyone would want that. Because subsidizing the industrial crop ensures it stays at a cheap price for one. Secondly, the corporations who buy corn to turn into high fructose corn syrup (used in almost every food product) or as feed for livestock, or ethanol for vehicles operations have profited by the billions. Thirdly, the corporate consolidation of our food system as whole. When you think about it, it reaches thru banks, seeds, fertilizers, grain traders, food processors, manufacturing plant, to retailing. Walsh says, â€Å"This kind f uncompetitive market squeezes the farmer on both sides† (Walsh-2009). This notion seems to place a lot of blame on the subsidies themselves. My contention is that subsidies are not the problem with our food system, but merely a produc t of a broken system. To fix the farm policy, legislators must first have a clear understanding of who wins and who loses under the current system and why. Also, the high tariffs placed on sugar cane need to be downsized to allow for balance in the market. But this is a prime example of how the government’s intention to help has unintentional consequences.I believe that the root of our problem today is the â€Å"clinging† to a free market food system. One that allows commodities like corn to be priced so low that would allow big business to develop monopolies over farmers and corn while reaping huge profits because of cheap corn. America now spends less of our income on food than any other generation in history (Pollan-2002). When you look at it in perspective, the agriculture our grandparents helped build was now growing fast food. This affecting our wallets, farmlands, and waistline.Some may say that our waistline and rate of disease are due to laziness and other fac tors. I disagree. I believe they are a direct relation to cheap, processed food made by cheap, industrialized corn. In order for us to decrease the consumption of corn, the government needs to cease its subsidizing of it. This will do two things. One, it let the markets adjust themselves at a rate that creates dependence on itself rather than assistance. Two, tighten the ability of lobbyist to affect change in agriculture and government policy that increase benefits to the very few.The bottom line here is this; big business reaps profits at the expense of the farmer. And the consumer? Well†¦. we are just scenery it seems in this great manipulation of industrialized food industry. And as I see it; in an economy where every dollar counts, doesn’t it make sense for the government to hang onto theirs? Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore’s Dilemma. â€Å"A Natural History of Four Meals†. April 2006 This well-known book has been called an â€Å"eater’s manifest o† by critics and peers alike. Pollan, Michael. What’s America Eating? Smithsonian, June 2006. Retrieved on October 4, 2012 http://michaelpollan. om/articles-archive/whats-eating-america/ An article, written with a chronological touch, that takes reader from â€Å"soup-to-nuts† on the history of corn and how it came to western America. Pollan, Michael. When Crop Becomes King. NY Times. July 2002. Retrieved on October 1, 2012 http://www. organicconsumers. org/toxic/toomuchcorn071902. cfm An article written in a way that is easily understood for most. This article describes Zea Mays (original term) from Central America to what we know today as corn Walsh, Bryan. â€Å"Getting Real About the High Price of Cheap Corn†.Time Magazine. August 21, 2009. http://www. time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1917726-2,00. html Walsh is a senior writer for Time Magazine and a correspondent for the last 8 years Health Journalism Fellowship from the Center for Disease Con trol Foundation. As part of this fellowship, he attended training at the U. S. Centers for Disease Control during summer 2010. Wise, Timothy. Identifying the Real Winners from US Agricultural Policies. Tufts University. December 2005. Retrieved October 1, 2012. http://www. ase. tufts. edu/gdae/Pubs/wp/05-07RealWinnersUSAg. pdf

British Literature Essay

This lesson is a continuation of the study of British literature and will focus on literature from the Neoclassical Period to today. This lesson is only an overview of some of the authors and literary works produced in England during a particular period. There are many other authors that made important contributions to the literature of this time period. The periods of British Literature are: Classical Period (1200 BC to 455 AD) Medieval Period (455 AD to 1485) Renaissance and the Commonwealth Period (1485 to 1660) Neoclassical Period (1660 to 1790) Romantic Period (1790 to 1830) Victorian Period (1832 to 1901) Edwardian Era (1901 to 1910) Modernism (1914 to 1945) Post-Modernism Period from 1945 to the present Neoclassical Period (1660-1790) The Enlightenment (also referred to as the Neoclassical Period or the Age of Reason) was based on the concept that people could find perfection and happiness through reason and knowledge. This essentially humanist vision was characterized by a resistance to religious authority. The Enlightenment began during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe and eventually spread to America. The Restoration, the Augustan Age, and the Age of Johnson were time periods that were included in the Enlightenment. Literature from the colonial period and the beginning of the revolutionary period in American literature developed during this time. Two prominent American authors of the era were Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine. During the Restoration, British monarch Charles II was restored to the throne (hence the name of the era), marking the decline of the Puritan influence on British literature. Writers of the Neoclassical Period John Dryden Dryden (1631-1700) was an English poet and dramatist. Some of his famous poems include â€Å"Astrea Redux,† â€Å"Absalom and Achitophel,† and â€Å"The Hind and the Panther. † He is also known for his play All for Love. Dryden was the British poet laureate from 1670 to 1689. John Locke Locke (1631-1704) was an English philosopher who wrote the essay â€Å"Concerning Human Understanding. † He believed that the only way a person could gain knowledge was through experience. Locke’s Two Treatises on Government promoted ideas about democracy. William Wycherley Wycherley (1640-1716) was an English dramatist whose works include Love in a Wood, The Country Wife, and The Plain Dealer. Samuel Pepys Samuel Pepys (1633-1703) was a government official and writer who lived in England. His famous Diary is an important source of the lifestyles and history of the English people. Aphra Behn Behn (1640-1689) was an English novelist and dramatist and the first female to make a living from her writing. Some of her works include Oroonoko, The Forced Marriage, The Rover, and The Lucky Chance. The Augustan Age (1700-1750), named for the Roman emperor Augustus, witnessed a return to the Latin literature of the ancient Roman Empire. British writers were influenced by the works of the ancient Roman poets Horace and Virgil during this era. Writers of the Augustan Age Joseph Addison Addison (1672-1719) was an English poet, essayist, dramatist, and member of Parliament. One of his well-known literary works was the poem â€Å"The Campaign. † Sir Richard Steele Steele (1672-1729) was an essayist and dramatist from Ireland. With Joseph Addison, he founded the journals The Tattler, The Spectator, and The Guardian. He was elected to Parliament and was later knighted. Two of his plays include The Funeral and The Conscious Lovers. Jonathan Swift Swift (1667-1745) was an Irish satirist who used Juvenalian satire to criticize the society of his day in Gulliver’s Travels. Some of his other works include A Tale of a Tub and A Modest Proposal. In 1694, he was ordained in the Church of England. Alexander Pope Pope (1688-1784) was a poet and writer of satire who was famous for his use of the heroic couplet in his writings. Some of his works include The Rape of the Lock, The Temple of Fame, An Essay on Man, and Moral Essays. Daniel Defoe Defoe (1660-1731) was a journalist who wrote Robinson Crusoe. Some of his other works include The True-Born Englishman, Moll Flanders, and A Journal of the Plague Year. he Age of Johnson, named for Samuel Johnson (an important figure in English literature in the late 1700s), lasted from 1750-1790. Writers of the Age of Johnson Samuel Johnson Johnson (1709-1784) was an English author famous for his Dictionary of the English Language, The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia, and The Lives of the English Poets. He is also remembered for forming a group of writers called the Literary Club. Oliver Goldsmith Goldsmith (1728-1774) was an English dramatist, essayist, poet, and novelist and was a member of the Literary Club. Goldsmith wrote the novel The Vicar of Wakefield. Other works include the poem â€Å"The Deserted Village† and the play She Stoops to Conquer. Edmund Burke Burke (1729-1797) served as a member of Parliament during the American Revolution. He supported the rights of the colonists and urged the British government to compromise with the American colonies. Some of his writings were critical of the French Revolution. Robert Burns Burns (1759-1796) was a Scottish songwriter and poet. Two of Burns’ better known songs are â€Å"Auld Lang Syne† and â€Å"Comin’ Thro’ the Rye. † James Boswell Boswell (1740-1795) was a Scottish author who wrote the biography The Life of Samuel Johnson. He was a member of Samuel Johnson’s Literary Club, and the two men traveled together. Boswell’s Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides is an account of one of their trips. Edward Gibbon Gibbon (1737-1794) was a leading historian whose most famous work was the History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Thomas Gray Gray (1716-1771) was an English poet whose style was used by many of the Romantic writers. His most famous work was Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. Olaudah Equiano Equiano (c. 1750 – c. 1797) was an African slave who was brought to the West Indies. He received some education and was later granted his freedom by his master. He was the first black to write an autobiography in England. He wrote The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African in 1789. Romantic Period (1790-1830) Romanticism is the school of thought and period of literature in which emotion, passion, and imagination are considered more important than reason and intuition more important than logic. During the Romantic Period, most writers were discontented with commercial, inhuman, and standardized conditions. Many Romantic writers portrayed people in unrealistic situations. To escape from modern life, the Romantics turned their interest to remote and faraway places, the medieval past, folklore and legends, nature, and the common people. Romantics glorified the individual and believed that people must be free from confining rules and able to develop individually. The Romantic novels described exciting adventures, unexplained events, and the evil influences of obsessions. Writers of the Romantic Period William Blake Blake (1757-1827) was an English poet, artist, and prominent figure of Romanticism. Some of his works included Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. Blake created the illustrations in some of his books such as The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. William Wordsworth Wordsworth (1770-1850) was a Romantic poet whose literary works focused on the beauty of nature. He teamed with Samuel Taylor Coleridge to write Lyrical Ballads, marking the beginning of the Romantic movement. Other works include The Solitary Reaper and the autobiographical poem â€Å"Prelude. † Samuel Coleridge Coleridge (1772-1834) was a poet and philosopher from England. He coauthored Lyrical Ballads with William Wordsworth. His most famous works include â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner† and â€Å"Kubla Khan. † Percy Bysshe Shelly Shelly (1792-1822) was an English poet whose many poems contained political and religious themes. His works include â€Å"Ode to the West Wind,† â€Å"The Cloud,† and â€Å"The Skylark. † John Keats Keats (1795-1821) was a poet who focused on death, love, and beauty. His works include â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† and â€Å"On a Grecian Urn. † Sir Walter Scott Scott (1771-1832) was a Scottish novelist and poet who became a lawyer in 1792. He was credited with creating the historical novel. Scott became one of the leading literary figures of his day. Scott’s works of poetry include â€Å"The Lay of the Last Minstrel,† â€Å"Marmion,† and â€Å"The Lady of the Lake. † His novels include Waverley, The Tale of Old Mortality, The Heart of Midlothian, Ivanhoe, The Talisman, St. Ronan’s Well, A Legend of Montrose, and Quentin Durward. Jane Austen Austen (1775-1814) was an English novelist who incorporated her observations of the manners and society of her time. Through dialogue and narration, she allowed her characters to be guided by common sense and traditional values. Her more famous works include Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice. Gothic novel Gothic novels use horror and medieval elements such as castles and dungeons. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights are examples of Gothic novels. Writers of Gothic Novels Ann Radcliffe Radcliffe (1764-1823) wrote The Mysteries of Udolpho and The Italian. The setting of most of her work involved innocent young women, dark mysterious castles, and nobles with secret pasts. Horace Walpole Horace Walpole (1717-1797) wrote The Castle of Otranto, considered by some to be the first Gothic novel, as well as over 4,000 published letters. Writers in the Victorian Period (1832-1901) wrote about the living conditions of the lower class. The Victorian Period was also marked by sentimental novels. The modern drama appeared toward the end of the Victorian Age. Writers of the Victorian Period of Literature (1832-1901) Alfred Lord Tennyson Tennyson (1809-1892) served as the poet laureate of Great Britain from 1850 to 1892. Some of his works include â€Å"Ulysses† and â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade. † Robert Browning Browning (1812-1889) used dramatic monologue in his writings. Some of his works include â€Å"Pippa Passes,† â€Å"The Pied Piper of Hamelin,† â€Å"Bells and Pomegranates,† and â€Å"My Last Duchess. † Anne Bronte Anne Bronte (1820-1849) was the youngest of the three Bronte sisters. Her novels include Agnes Grey and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Oscar Wilde Wilde (1854-1900) was an Irish author who published only one novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray. Wilde wrote many comedies, including A Woman of No Importance and The Importance of Being Earnest. Thomas Carlyle Carlyle (1795-1881) was a Scottish historian and essayist who criticized the laissez faire doctrine that allowed people to do as they pleased. His works include Frederick the Great. George Bernard Shaw Shaw (1856-1950) was an Irish dramatist and novelist and a member of the socialist Fabian Society. He wrote over 50 plays including Pygmalion and won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Edward Lear Lear (1812-1888) was an English artist and author famous for his limericks and children’s poems. Lear’s first publication was A Book of Nonsense, and his most famous children’s poem was â€Å"The Owl and the Pussycat. † Charlotte Bronte Charlotte Bronte (1816 – 1855) was an English author best known for her novel Jane Eyre. With her sisters Emily and Anne, she published poetry written depicting their childhood fantasy world. The poems were published under the male pseudonyms of Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. Emily Bronte Emily Bronte (1818 – 1848) was one of the English Bronte sisters famous for their literary style. Her only novel was the Gothic Wuthering Heights. Charles Dickens Dickens (1812 – 1859) gained fame as a writer of The Pickwick Papers. Many of his literary works were based on his life experiences and social conditions in England. His best known works include A Tale of Two Cities and Great Expectations. Pre-Raphaelite Poets The Pre-Raphaelite poets (named for the Italian painter Raphael) of the Victorian Age wanted to return the morality of the medieval era to the modern world. Dante Rossetti Rossetti (1828-1882) was considered a leading poet and painter in England during the 1800s. His poetry contained imagery and examples of symbolism, and his paintings included romantic scenes. His literary works included Sister Helen and The House of Life. William Morris Morris (1834-1896) was an English artist, poet, and social reformer whose work reflected an interest in medieval art and Gothic architecture. His works include The Life and Death of Jason, The Earthly Paradise, A Dream of John Ball, and News from Nowhere. Realism (1860 – 1914) Realist authors described life as it really existed. Writers examined and exposed the social, economic, and political problems of society using the dialect or language of the people. Realists saw the corruption of the Gilded Age and called for reform. They rejected Romanticism, which portrayed people in unrealistic situations. Mark Twain, Bret Harte, and Henry James were writers of Realism. Transcendentalism (1800s) Transcendentalism was a religious and philosophical movement in the early to middle 1800s. Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) was the leader of the Transcendentalist movement in America. He believed that people could gain knowledge through the use of their intellect rather than from the experiences of their lives. The Transcendentalists rejected formal religious teachings. Naturalism Naturalists represented the extreme element of the Realism movement of literature. They believed that family history and environment were the main influences on the development of a person’s character and that people had no control over their fate. Political, economic, social, and heredity factors controlled the actions and fate of the people. Naturalist writers exposed the abuses and suffering of people in America. Upton Sinclair described in The Jungle, the plight of the workers in the meat packing plants in Chicago. Stephen Crane wrote about the sufferings of the soldiers during the Civil War in The Red Badge of Courage. Other Naturalist authors included Jack London, Theodore Dreiser, and Eugene O’Neill. Edwardian Period (1901-1910) This period of British Literature refers to the reign of Edward VII, the eldest son of Queen Victoria and her husband Albert. Edward was interested in the arts and founded the Royal College of Music. Writers of the Edwardian Period H. G. Wells Wells (1866-1946) was a novelist, historian, and well-known author of science fiction. His literary works include The Time Machine, The War of the Worlds, and The Shape of Things to Come. His Wealth and Happiness of Mankind addressed the social needs of people in general. Arnold Bennet Bennet (1867-1931) was an English journalist, novelist, and playwright. The film The Madness of King George was an adaptation of one of his plays. One of his most famous works was A Private Function. Rupert Brook Brook (1887-1915) was an English poet whose writings described the lives of people who suffered through the horror of World War I. One of his most famous works is The Soldier. John Masefield Masefield (1878-1967) was a novelist and poet laureate from England. His works of poetry include â€Å"The Everlasting Mercy,† â€Å"Dauber,† and â€Å"Reynard the Fox† and the novels Sard Harker and The Bird of Dawning. Modernism (1914-1945) Modernism was a literary and cultural movement that did not support the social, political, or economic values of the 1800s. Part of the reason for the movement away from the 1800s was due to the tremendous destruction and loss of life that occurred during World War I. The Modernist movement included art, philosophy, architecture, and literature in both Europe and America. Writers of the Modernism Period William B. Yeats Yeats (1865-1939) was an Irish playwright, poet, and dramatist who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923. Some of his works include the poem â€Å"The Lake Isle of Innisfree† and the plays The Countess Cathleen and The Land of Heart’s Desire. Seamus Heaney Heaney (1939-) is an Irish poet whose work focuses on the politics and culture of Northern Ireland. Some of his works include The Spirit Level and Wintering Out and North. Dylan Thomas Thomas (1914-1953) was a Welsh poet who focused on the themes of religion, death, and love. His works include Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog and Adventures in the Skin Trade. Virginia Woolf Woolf (1882-1941) was an English novelist. Her literary works focused on social and economic independence for women. Her novels include Mrs. Dalloway, The Years, and Between the Acts. Wilfred Owen Owen (1893-1918) was an English writer who wrote about World War I. His poetry focuses on the theme that war is not a glorious venture. His works include â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth. † T. S. Eliot Eliot (1888–1965) was an American born English poet and playwright and one of the leading writers of the Modernist period of literature. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1948. Some of his work includes The Hollow Men, Ash Wednesday, Four Quartets, Murder in the Cathedral, and The Cocktail Party. David Herbert Lawrence Lawrence (1885–1930) was a novelist whose literary works focused on how men and women relate to each other. His most famous work was Lady Chatterley’s Lover. His other works include The Rainbow and The Studies in Classic American Literature. Siegfried Sassoon Sassoon (1886–1967) was a British poet and author who wrote about the experiences of World War I. Sassoon’s literary works include The Old Century and Rhymed Ruminations. Aldous Huxley Huxley (1894–1963) was an English poet and novelist. His novel Brave New World criticized how science was destroying the morals of English society. His other works include Those Barren Leaves and Point Counter Point. Post-modernism Period (1945 to the present) Post-modernism includes some values and beliefs of the Modernism period. Its literature rejects traditional values of society and supports the anti-novel form. George Orwell Orwell’s (1903-1950) writings reflect his distrust of government and political and social ideologies. His works include Nineteen Eighty-Four and the modern fable Animal Farm. Joseph Conrad Conrad (1857-1924) was a prominent British novelist of the Post-modernist period. Some of his works include Lord Jim and Under Western Eyes. Conrad was a naturalized British citizen, having been born in the Ukraine. James Joyce Joyce (1882-1941) was an Irish writer who used the â€Å"stream of consciousness† technique. Some of his works include Ulysses and Finnegans Wake and the short story collection Dubliners. Katherine Mansfield Mansfield (1888-1923) was a writer from New Zealand whose pen name was Kathleen Beauchamp. Her works include The Garden Party, Bliss, and In a German Pension. Doris Lessing Lessing (1919- ) is an English novelist and author whose works focus on the role of women in politics and society. Some of her works include The Grass is Singing, Children of Violence, Under My Skin, and Walking in the Shade. Nadine Gordimer Gordimer (1923- ) is a South African novelist and short story writer. She won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1991. Her literary works include None to Accompany Me and The House Gun. Robert Graves Graves (1895-1985) was an English poet and writer. His autobiography, Goodbye to All That, describes the horror of war. Graves’ other work include I Claudius and Claudius the God. Kingsley Amis Amis (1922–1995) was a novelist and poet from England. His literary works include Lucky Jim, The Old Devils, The Riverside Villas Murder, The Green Man, and The Folks That Live on the Hill. Anthony Powell Powell (1905–2000) was an English novelist and playwright. His plays include The Garden God and The Rest I’ll Whistle. Powell’s novels include Afternoon Men, Venusberg, From a View to a Death, and Agents and Patients. Powell’s autobiography, To Keep the Ball, was written in four volumes from 1976 to 1982. Muriel Spark Spark (1918- ) is a Scottish novelist whose literary works include The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, A Far Cry from Kensington, and Aiding and Abetting. A. S. Byatt Byatt (1936- ) is an English novelist. Her literary works include Possession, The Shadow of the Sun, and Babel Tower. Martin Amis Amis (1949- ) is an English journalist and novelist. Some of his works include The Rachel Papers, London Fields, Night Train, and Henry Water. The information in this lesson will be a valuable resource for you in the study of different periods of literature. Remember that this lesson is only an overview of some of the authors and literary works produced in Great Britain during this time period. There are many other authors that made important contributions to the literature of this time period that were not discussed in this lesson.

Equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth

Equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth Introduction Equal opportunity in the workplace entails the act of treating employees fairly without prejudice and discrimination. The notion of equal opportunities in the workplace is based on the principle that all employees should be given a level playing field in the workplace irrespective of their gender, race or attribute.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth as many organizations have not fully embraced the concept. The art of managing employees in the organization is mainly about managing their diversity. Each employee is usually different with different ethnic background, gender, age and race. Whether the employee is disabled or not, he or she has different skills, values, attitudes and expectations and therefore equal opportunity in the workplace is aimed at maximizing the potentials of ind ividuals (McKenzie Baker, 2006, 14). Why equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth The following explains why equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth rather than a reality in many organizations today; In many organizations, employment equity is lacking i.e. many organizations have not fully embraced the practice of hiring minorities or women. Many organizations worldwide do not hire, promote, support or value female employees equally to men. Instead, these organizations do not take into account an important resource in a business environment that is competitive. Many companies have chosen to disregard women or the minority and only a few companies have extended their recruitment pool to embrace women in the workplace. The lack of employment equity among organizations implies that these companies lacks a competitive edge due to the fact that they fail to select the most experienced, talented and creative employees as a result of their gender. Diversity in organizations is as sociated with a cost reduction, increase in productivity, an increase in the market share and improved management quality.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The few companies that have realized the importance of diversity in the workplace has initiated new equity plans. Employment equity is however least in many developing countries as only a few proportions of women hold managerial positions. In addition, only a few women in these countries have access to learning opportunities to train them for the managerial jobs. In industrialized nations, women aspiring to hold managerial positions face barriers with regards to full participation such as lack of access to resources particularly to jobs that offer wages and promotional opportunities similar to men. In most instances, women face barriers in participating in management as a result of such factors as race and ethnic ity and the employing industry (Kainer, 2006, 25). Equal opportunity is a myth due to the fact that many organizations across the globe have hired unqualified workers and thus locking out qualified employees. Many organizations have resulted into hiring workers who are not qualified for the sake of reaching some numerical objectives. Equal opportunity is not all about placing a person in a job due to the association that he or she has but it is all about encouraging recruitment and retention of persons who have qualified. Most organizations have adopted affirmative action programs in an effort to ensure that there is equal opportunity in the workplace. Whereas affirmative action has the effect of ensuring that there is equal representation, it has some limitations such as hiring unqualified individuals. Organizations thus ends up hiring individuals who are unqualified as a result of the protected class status and this is illegal since qualified people ends up being not considered fo r the same positions. Therefore, equal opportunity is a myth and not a reality since affirmative action often leads to preferential treatment in employment as it does not consider ability and competence characteristics of a worker. Although affirmative action increases the number of women in sectors where they are underrepresented, the individuals who are hired under the affirmative action programs are usually perceived by others as less competent (Weston, 2002, 8-10). Equal opportunities in the workplace are a myth as most organizations are faced with the challenge of accommodating employees with disabilities. Most organizations particularly in low developed countries have not structured their workforces so that it is representative. People with disabilities have not benefited by securing employment opportunities in greater numbers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Also, there are inequalities with regards to the incomes earned by people with disability as opposed to the salaries that is earned by their counterparts who are not disabled. In developed nations, diversity has not occurred in the workplace too and people with disability are usually not treated the same with the rest of the employees. The rate of unemployment among the persons with disabilities has remained relatively high over the years. The truth of the matter is that organizations fears that their insurance costs will rise if they hire persons with disabilities. Other organizations refrains from accepting working with disabled persons as they consider them to be unsafe workers who are accident prone. Other employers consider these persons to be unproductive as they have high rates of absenteeism.Persons with disabilities are usually not given equal employment opportunities in such jobs as medicine, nursing, dentistry and allied health professions, eng ineering, law, teaching among others. Therefore, the equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth and not a reality as people with disabilities are not accommodated in many organizations across the globe (Anderson, 2010, 5). Also, the equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth due to the biographic influences, family experiences, personal characteristics and the number of hours worked that causes people to experience an imbalance between home and work life. The biographical influences that affect the work-life balance include gender and family characteristics. Usually, women experiences work-life conflicts than men. The personal characteristics that have an effect on work-life balances include life and job involvement. The number of hours worked also contributes to the imbalance between home and work life. Imbalance that exists between home and work usually occurs in three main areas i.e. life and job satisfaction, physical and psychological health and desire to leave and organiza tional commitment. A clear balance between home and work requires to be maintained. Many organizations lacks a clear cut between home and work and this leads to job dissatisfaction among the employees. This also causes physical and psychological health problems. Many organizations fail to assist their employees to manage the balance between work and home. Most employers do not recognize the impact of maintaining a balance between work and home life on their employees. In many organizations, work-life policies are not developed evenly. Also; organizations are concerned that the compulsory leaves that are required for everyone will be used for leisure activities. The equal opportunity in the workplace is therefore a myth as many employers do not maintain a balance between work and home life on their employees particularly the women workers and thus causing job dissatisfaction (Reddy, 2007, 11).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth due to the fact that there is too much bullying and work-related stress among organizations. Many organizations across the globe have reported cases s in stress and depression amongst their workforce. Usually, employees in their mid thirties in high stress jobs are likely to experience anxiety or depression as compared to those who are in low-stress jobs. Many human resource departments do not put policies aimed at countering the work-related stress. There is lack of consistency as some staff is provided withy better support than others. Employees who are supported usually have a feeing that their issues are addressed by their managers and so, they have lower rates of developing work-related stress. Most organizations do not take demonstrate a just and fair approach when supporting their workforce and hence equal opportunity in the workplace is just but a myth. With regards to bullying, many people are bullied everyday and this has contri buted to stress-related sicknesses amongst the employees in most organizations. Many employees results to committing suicides as a result of being bullied by others in the workplace. Bullying results to an abuse of position and power and so, it signifies that there is a problem within the organization (Lutgen-Sandvik, Sypher, 2009, 1-3). Many human resource managers fail to intervene early and hence a person tenders his or her resignation or he or she goes off sick (Laura Reese, 2004). Bullying in the workplace occurs in various forms among them blocking developments and job opportunities, being excluded from meetings, malicious actions and rumors, victimizing and undermining employees, setting unrealistic expectations, setting workloads that are unrealistic, setting unachievable timescales among others. As a result of being bullied, a large number of employees suffer from stress and depression and are thus unable to continue serving in the organization. Their mental and physical health as well as their financial circumstances is also affected and hence the notion that equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth (Leka, Griffiths, Cox, 2003, 8). The other aspect that shows that equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth is through discipline and grievance. In many firms, the procedures for handling disciplines and grievances seldom go hand-in-hand. In most cases, the procedures of airing grievances address quite different aspects and thus, the employee’s performance in relation to his or her role is affected. For instance, an employee’s efficiency may be impaired following a long-standing sickness which is exclusively out of his or her control. In many organizations, the overall objective of discipline and grievance is punitive rather than encouraging appropriate behavioral changes so that the employees can improve in their workplaces. Therefore, disciplinary procedures do not help in promoting fairness regarding the way the employees are tr eated in the workplace and hence the notion that equal opportunity in the workplace is just but a myth (Lowenstein, 2001, 7). Also, employees are usually not informed of the complaints against them and so, they are deprived of the opportunity to narrate their cases before certain decisions can be concluded. Most employees are usually dismissed for their first disciplinary offences even if their case does not result to gross misconduct. They are also not provided with an opportunity of appealing and so; equal opportunity in the workplace is just but a myth. Grievance procedures forms important components of human resource processes as they ensure that the employees are given an opportunity of bringing to notice cases where they feel that they have not been treated in a fair manner. Very often, organizations do not consider the grievances that are raised by the employees. With regards to grievance procedures, there are various issues that do not amount to equal opportunities in the wo rkplace such as; many employees lack confidence as far as the grievance system is concerned. The employees do not believe that their issues will be taken into consideration once they raise them before the management. Most people lack confidence as they hold the view that they will get punished as a result of raising their issues and hence the notion those equal opportunities in the workplace are a myth. In many organizations, employees with disabilities do not have an equal access to the grievance procedures as they are not supported. This is so especially where the grievances require being in writing. The situation is even worse as they find it hard to express them in a case where English is not the first language of employees with disability. Therefore, equal opportunity in the workplace is just but a myth (Nuclear Decommissioning Authority, 2008, 6-7). The other reason as to why equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth is the failure by many organizations to embrace the cultu re of performance management. Organizations that fail to embrace the culture of performance management in their workplace do not provided their workforce with an opportunity to work at optimum level. Also many organizations do not set objectives at employee’s level and thus the employee is not rewarded as a result of his or her achievements in the organization (Martinez, 2000, 3-5). Conclusion However, there are few organizations that have ensured that there is equal opportunity in the workplace is a reality and not a myth. For instance, the past few years has seen female workers entering the labor market in larger proportions. Employees with disabilities have also been accorded a level playing field with those who are not disabled. Despite these, most organizations have not fully embraced the culture of equal opportunity in the workplace and therefore, the concept has remained a myth (Nielsen, 2006, 5). Reference List Anderson, T., 2010. Ability Matters: Gaining the Competit ive Edge by Achieving  Diversity in the Workplace. A guide to employing qualified people with disabilities. California: The Arc of California. Kainer, J., 2006.Gendering Union Renewal: Women’s Contributions to Labor  Movement Revitalization. California: Gender and Work Database. Laura, G Reese, A., 2004. Equity in the workplace: gendering workplace policy analysis. California: Lexington Books. Leka, S, Griffiths, A Cox, T., 2003. Work Organizations Stress: Systeatic  Problem Approaches for Employers, Managers and Trade Union Representatives. Issue No.3. Nottingham: University of Nottingham. Lowenstein, D., 2001.Violence in the workplace: American Psychological  Association.  Web. Lutgen-Sandvik, I Sypher, B., 2009. Destructive Organizational  Communication. Nottingham: University of Nottingham. Martinez, J., 2000. Assessing Quality, Outcome and Performance  Management. London: The Institute for Health Sector Development. McKenzie, S Baker, B., 2006. Worldwi de Guide to Termination, Employment  Discrimination, and Workplace Harassment Laws. Available at https://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/lawfirms/14/ Nielsen, J., 2006.The leaderless organization. Axminster: Triachy Press. Nuclear Decommissioning Authority., 2008.Discrimination and Diversity  Policy.Vol.1.Issue No.15.EDRMS. Reddy, K., 2007.The Opt-Out Revolution by Women in Management: Myth or? Pretoria: Graduate School of Business Leadership University of South Africa. Weston, P., 2002.Workplace Sabotage. Workplace Bullying: Causes,  Consequences and Corrections. New York: Rouledge, Issue No.2 Vol.5.STP

Obesity in nursing essays

Obesity in nursing essays Societies perception about the perfect person is best known to have the perfect body. The healthy habit I have decided to write on is being overweight. Being overweight has many effects on children as well as adults. As an overweight child he or she has many problems growing up. For instance larger kids are more likely to be rejected by other children because of their size. Children are also teased more and they also have fewer friends because they are so called different. In the book Essential Concepts for Healthy Living it says that, As in the adult population, the number of overweight school age children is increasing in the United States. About 12% to 14% of American children are seriously overweight. For adults they also have problems being overweight. For instance health issues come into play when they can have heart problems, diabetes, and other health problems. Obesity also limits their ability to move around and to work out. Adults also have the stereotype to live up to as being muscular or slim. Being overweight also makes it harder to find a partner and it also limits success in work. The reason being overweight is important to me is because at one time I was very obese. I have lost about 50 pounds and I am still overweight but I am still loosing. The reason this issue is important to me is because I want to feel good about myself, and the way I look, and I always want to be physically healthy. It is important to me also, because I want to lesson my chance of getting heart diseases and other diseases to being overweight.( www.webmd.com) This is a big problem in the United States because of fast food and the lack of exercise.( Journal of Advanced Nursing ) I also dont want to have an early death because being overweight lessons your life expectancy and I dont want to put my family through this. I also think that being overweight can cause emotional problems and this can ca...

How to Create Efficient Social Media Workflows for Every Network

How to Create Efficient Social Media Workflows for Every Network So, social media is a lot of work. Duh. You know this already. You wouldn’t be searching for a better workflow process if you didn’t think so. Before we start, see if your team checks off any of the following: Your social media workflow  doesn’t formally exist Your team is stuck in silos, making cross team collaboration impossible Your current social media workflow  is long and cumbersome You need a way to approve content faster Your team isn’t creating content fast enough to keep up with project demands If you looked at this list and thought â€Å"well, that describes my problem† you should probably keep reading. In this post, well show you: How to plan out workflows for every major social network How to turn those workflows into reusable checklists (called Task Templates) in . Weve also included a free Social Media Workflow  Process Template to help you document your workflow from start to finish. Download it now, and then well move on.How To Create Efficient  Social Media Workflows for Every NetworkIn Case You Don’t Have Time To Read Because who does? You could stop right now and sign up for , where we’ll do everything for you. Yup. We’ll automate everything for you. From task lists to team reports, we’ll take away your ever changing spreadsheets, endless email chains and stress over what has been approved and what hasn't been. No, you’re not dreaming, I promise. So, stop reading and sign up your team for a demo. Unless you really wanna keep reading. I am pretty hilarious after all. Still reading? Ok, let’s go over the basics then. Here's how to plan your social media workflows, fast:Training Your Team Members On Expectations For Content It’s vitally important that you train in new team members. You know this already. But how you train in your social media team members could help you save valuable time when it comes to approving your social content. How? Let your new (and old) team members know what your expectations for content are. Are posts always supposed to contain a certain hashtag? What is the overall voice of your social channels? When can they use video? Are gifs company approved or should they stay away from them? If you can answer these and more questions (I'll give you a starting list in a second), you’ll be able to cut your approval time in half because you trust your team to keep the standard of content you expect. So what questions should you be answering so you undoubtedly trust your team? Here’s list of things I asked when I would start working on social media for a corporation. What is the tone of this brand’s voice? What do our  social posts sound like? Do we have specific hashtags that we use in every post? What is the standard for graphics and images we post to our pages? How about videos? Can we use emojis or gifs? How often to we post to our channels each day? How do we create our content? If I need an in house video or graphic, who do I talk to? How does my manager want to be notified when content is ready for approval? What is the overall process of approval? How many eyes need to see my content before it gets published? Remember this list is a short one. The list of questions you need to answer in order to accurately train your team members may be different. Once you have your question list pull up a blank document  or download the template from our approval process kit. Type in each question and answer it for your team. Now as you get to the last few questions on this list you may have stumbled. Maybe you don’t really have an approval process worked out for your social media content yet. And now you might be staring at your screen wondering, â€Å"How do I create a social media approval workflow?† What if I did it for you? :) Keep reading to find them. How To Create Internal Checklists For Your Social Media Workflows These next few lists are going to help you break down your current approval process and cut down on unnecessary tasks to help streamline your team. How To Create A General  Social Media Workflow Checklist So if you were to write down your content approval checklist, it might look something like this. Gather essential team members (45 days before publish) (social media manager) Brainstorm content ideas (45 days before publish) (social media manager) Choose your 10x ideas (45 days before publish) (social media manager) Prioritize your top ideas (45 days before publish) (social media manager) For each idea determine your full to do list (31 days before publish) (social media manager) Assign tasks to team members (31 days before publish) (social media manager) Find keywords for content (30 days before publish) (social media specialist) Write rough draft of social content (30 days before publish) (social media specialist) Meet with assigned designers to determine visuals (30 days before publish) (social media specialist) Peer edit written content (27 days before publish) (content writer) Peer edit visuals (27 days before publish) (graphic designer) Send written content to manager for initial approval (25 days before publish) (social media manager) Send visual content to manager for initial approval (25 days before publish) (graphic design manager) Edit written content based on feedback (23 days before publish) (social media specialist) Edit visual content based on feedback (23 days before publish) (graphic designer) Send to managers for final approval (20 days before publish) (social media specialist) Send content to higher ups for approval (17 days before publish) (social media manager) Determine optimal posting times across all social platforms (14 days before publish) (social media specialist) Add content to posting platform (14 days before publish) (social media specialist) Respond to questions and comments on content (5 days after publish) (social media specialist) I’m not gonna lie, this list makes me have a mini panic attack. It’s a lot of work. Now what if you could cut that list in half so it looks more like this. Brainstorm and prioritize your 10x ideas (25 days before publish) (social media manager) Assign tasks to team members (18 days before publish) (social media manager) Find keywords for content (16 days before publish) (social media specialist) Write a rough draft for social content (15 days before publish) (social media specialist) Design rough draft of visuals (15 days before publish) (graphic designer) Edit written content (12 days before publish) (social media specialist) Edit design content (12 days before publish) (graphic designer) Send to manager for final approval (10 days before publish) (social media specialist) Determine optimal posting times for content (7 days before publish) (social media specialist) Publish content (0 days before publish) (social media specialist) That list was cut in half. IN HALF. Are you flabbergasted? It’s easy to cut out tasks once you figure out why they are there. There are usually three reasons you have a task listed in your approval process. To act as a reminder To keep a team on track To make sure that content is being completed the correct way While these are three valid reasons to put your tasks into a list, eventually once your team is trained in, they become unnecessary because they knows what needs to be done. With that in mind, let me explain what was cut, combined together and why that happened. 1. We Cut Step 1 And Combine Steps 2 Through 4. Quick recap of steps 1 through 4: 1. Gather essential team members (45 days before publish) (social media manager) 2. Brainstorm content ideas (45 days before publish) (social media manager) 3. Choose your 10x ideas (45 days before publish) (social media manager) 4. Prioritize your top ideas (45 days before publish) (social media manager) Why did we cut step one? It’s pointless. You know you need your team together to brainstorm together. It creates an unnecessary step that doesn’t need to be listed because you already do it. We combine steps 2 through 4 because they naturally flow together. Your team should have one session where you brainstorm and prioritize your 10x ideas. Anything that doesn’t fit into a 10x isn’t worth your team’s focus and is a waste of your valuable time. Anything that isn't 10X isn't worth your team's focus or time.2. Cut Step 5 Recap of step 5: For each idea determine your full to do list (31 days before publish) (social media manager) Cutting the full to do list for each campaign should be an easy task to eliminate from your line up? Why? Because when you post social content, you should be following a pattern. While the exact content may differ, your to do list shouldn’t. This brings me back to my earlier point on properly training in your team. By having a set project to do list, you’re able to train your employees to learn the standards that are being set for your social content. If your team knows the standards, they know what it takes to get the content there. Easy right? 3. Cut Steps 9 Through 17.  (Yes, Seriously) Recap of steps: 9.   Meet with assigned designers to determine visuals (30 days before publish) (social media specialist) 10. Peer edit written content (27 days before publish) (content writer) 11. Peer edit visuals (27 days before publish) (graphic designer) 12. Send written content to manager for initial approval (25 days before publish) (social media manager) 13. Send visual content to manager for initial approval (25 days before publish) (graphic design manager) 14. Edit written content based on feedback (23 days before publish) (social media specialist) 15. Edit visual content based on feedback (23 days before publish) (graphic designer) 16. Send to managers for final approval (20 days before publish) (social media specialist) 17. Send content to higher ups for approval (17 days before publish) (social media manager) It may seem like I just hacked half the approval workflow away. That’s because I did. This jumps back into my earlier point about the importance of training your team members to uphold the brand’s standards for content. If you team knows the expectations, they know what is unacceptable.

Evalution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evalution - Essay Example The Company’s aim is to produce the most qualified staff in the courier services that ensure that effectiveness and efficiency are maintained in our process, structures and outcomes. As competition grows higher; the need for quality service delivery in courier services remains a challenge, hence well trained personnel becomes necessary in our policies (Donald, 2009). Our measurements were based on three basic evaluation tools; that is, sensitivity, reliability and validity. Reliability is the capacity of a measurement system to give consistent result when applied several times. This is vital in determining whether the measurement method can achieve the required purpose (Donald, 2009). Sensitivity on the other hand is the ability of the applied technique to identify changes in the program. Finally, validity is the extent to which a technique measures what it is required. These measurement tools are vital in ensuring that the result needed in the program are accurate and free from deviation (Owen, 2007). To draw concise training evaluation program for the Mach Speed, it should be known that our goal was to produce excellent courier service providers in the market. This follows in line with several objectives we drew to achieve better program results. Our first method in evaluation was collecting data (Astd, 2008). Using the trainee assessment forms, shown by the sample, the people who carried the evaluation were able to calculate the results using the rubric table shown in the appendix. Each category of score was evaluated against the marks scored (Marrow, 2010). A percentage score is then drawn for every form on each evaluation element, and then their averages are taken. This could tell the planers where the short falls occurred and the best method of tackling the issue to solve the problem, and to attain an efficient training mode. The planner will gauge from these score whether the training succeed or failed (Astd,

Histroy 101 Western Civ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Histroy 101 Western Civ - Essay Example The role of the Persian Wars in shaping the relationship between Athens and the other Greek city states First of all, the Persian Wars helped Athens to be a remarkable naval power within the Greek city-states. The Greek attempt to be free from the authoritarian rule of Persian rulers resulted in Persian Wars and the Greek victory in the end. Lim makes clear that â€Å"With Athens at the helm, the city-states brought under Persian control began to rebel, beginning a conflict known as the Persian Wars (circa 499-479 BC)† (41). Within this context, the Persians considered the Greek victory as insignificant. On the other side, the Greek city-states under Athens and Sparta considered that the victory in Persian Wars helped them to enjoy liberty. One can easily identify that the Persian influence among the Greek city-states, before the Persian Wars, was based upon despotism. But the Greek city-states were not ready to be under the Persian rule. To be specific, the Persian Wars can b e evaluated as the Greek attempt to be independent and democratic. Within this scenario, the role of the Persian Wars in shaping the relationship between Athens and the other Greek city states is significant. ... But this cohesion was not long lasting because Sparta was against the ultimate control of Athens over the Greek city-states. But the military and maritime supremacy acquired by Athens helped her to emerge as the most powerful city-state. For instance, the victories in Marathon, Plataea etc, helped Athens to be most powerful and influential. To be specific, the Athenian supremacy in land and water forced the Greek city-states to accept Athens as their leader. But this did not help much to reduce the scope of future conflict between Athens and Sparta. Later, the Persians made use of Sparta as a tool to destroy the unity among Greek city-states. In short, Persian Wars united the Greek city-states under Athens. Moreover, the Persian Wars paved the way for the formation of Delian League (alliance of Greek city-states against Persian invasion) under Athens. Why did the Persian Wars lead to the Peloponnesian War? As pointed out, Sparta was not ready to accept the leadership of Athens among the Greek city-states. This eventually led to the Peloponnesian War, which was fought between Athens and Sparta (say, Peloponnesian League). The victory in the Persian Wars did not extinguish the Spartan jealousy over Athenian supremacy. Within this scenario, the Persians considered the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta as a golden chance to instill hatred among the Greek city-states. Their idea proved to be successful because the Peloponnesian War wiped out the unity among the Greek city-states. The Persian camp exploited the conflict between Athens and Sparta to destroy the cohesion among the Greek city-states. To an extent, the Persian idea became successful because Athens and Sparta were never able to regain their previous status.

Comics History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comics History - Essay Example The book is mainly autobiographical, as it draws on the experiences of Spiegelman's father during the World War II, and his own story as a graphic artist. The main theme of the book is the Holocaust It narrates Spiegelman's father Vladek's traumatic experiences during and after the Holocaust., at the same time, showing the trauma which the son Artie is going through in the present time. Vladek, a Polish Jew, has survived the Holocaust in Auschwitz, but his experiences have not removed his own racist tendencies. His wife Anja, Artie's mother, commits suicide soon after they come to America., which leaves a deep scar on Artie's mind. Vladek marries Mala, whom he treats with the same insensitivity. Spiegelman uses allegory, portraying humans of different nationalities as different animals. In Maus, the Jews are depicted as mice, the Germans as cats, the Poles as pigs, the Americans as dogs. There are other animals like the reindeer, the bears depicting the Russians, frogs, the French and the English, fish. Maus takes its name from the German word for mouse. Mice, which are used to represent the Jews, are small, timid , harmless creatures the qualities which the Jews are supposed to possess. At the same time, they are dirty, disease carrying vermin according to the Nazis. Mice are also very resourceful, a characteristic of the Jews.

A Case Study of China's C Information Technologies Co Dissertation

A Case Study of China's C Information Technologies Co - Dissertation Example Alongside with the competition growing in various sectors, Information Technology (IT) sector has also been rapid in growth as a sector as well as competition within industry. Therefore, combination of competition in Information Technology (IT) sector as well competitive resources is multiplied and human resource with Information Technology (IT) skills is of multitude competition. Among 150 economies, China being an emerging economy has also increased its pace of digitalization hence accelerated its move of growth in IT industry (as show in the figure below). This growing pace has also increased importance of IT professionals’ altogether. However, this growth is not only concerned to meet statistics but immense consideration have been given to high value performing IT professionals and hence, performance management of IT professionals of IT industry has arisen as important area that calls for due consideration (Dutta and Bilbao-Osorio, 2012). (Dutta and Bilbao-Osorio, 2012) MATA (1995) has found that proficiency of Information Technology (IT) employees of an organization on technical as well as operational front has significant positive correlation with business performance. Higher their capacity to provide more customized products or projects greater it will benefit the firm. Their competency is also important as implementation phase of the Information Technology (IT) project also require more knowledge staff than other sectors. Information technology since its development and growing phase has been progressively facing issues and challenges pertaining to its application. IT issues vary in large in number from sector to domain, size and type of the company etc. These may range from the selection and implementation problems of the system to staff issues and also variation from sector as well (Shaukat, Zafarullah, and Wajid, 2009). Among large number of failures of IT project, many of them fails and cited reason of failur e is the delay and financial excess burden that it causes. In HR only, 30 percent to 70 percent of the projects fail in this respect (Sohal, Moss, and Ng, 2001). If explored reason behind these two factors is directly or indirectly human resource as it is human resource that work on implementation of designed technology and scope. Project Management in general and Information technology in specific has a dominant list of failing projects. Most of projects fail for their inability to be completed on time, within defined cost and scope. And main reason cited behind the failure of IT projects is its inability to meet the organizational need to technology update. Top ten corporate information technology failures given in images below, cites former or later the similar reason: (Top 10 Corporate Information Technology Failures) With the highlighted importance of Information Technology (IT) staff in an organization, author of the study has aimed to explore the avenue in China due to it acc elerated growth. With case study methodology, author has selected China's C Information Technologies Co., Ltd. for this study. The study is aimed to find the factors, methods and strategies that are effective tools of performance management in specific relation to the performance of Information Technology (IT) personnel. Researcher has identified certain research questions addressing them will lead to get insight of the topic. Following are the research questions for the case: 1- Given the characteristics of C Company’s Information Technology (IT) project staff, what are the theoretical bases for their incentives? 2- In C Company, what are

The Challenges Faced by Logistics Organisations in the UAE Dissertation

The Challenges Faced by Logistics Organisations in the UAE - Dissertation Example This research study aims to study and analyse the challenges faced by transport organizations in the UAE. The financial crisis created many economic problems for various business sectors in Dubai that includes the supply chain and logistic sector. Therefore this research will discuss the adverse effects of global financial crisis and its implications to transport industry in Dubai as a whole. On a positive a report by Business Monitor International (2011) cites Frost and Sullivan (2010) who consider UAE as a growth market for freight and logistics. Their study found that the Emirates’ logistics market is set to generate record revenues this year, and will continue to grow over the medium term as a result of its concerted effort to place itself at the centre of the global freight forwarding network. But there are challenges galore due to constant threats to supply chains in the region with the talk of war in the region as well as due to overcapacity and a drop in demand continu ally threatening to push down rates and impinge on profits. The UAE’s primary ports are forecast to grow over the medium term, though at a slower rate than before the economic crisis. The air and logistics sectors in the UAE are continuing to grow at a rapid pace, with more logistics companies relocating their hubs to the country, and national air carriers continuing to expand and post improved results. 1.1 Academic Relevance: It is important to study the topic due to its academic relevance. Supply chain and logistic are key industries in the UAE and act as the life blood of business in the UAE, with little manufacturing base. The major chunk of Dubai’s economy is based on logistic industry and problems arising in this industry may have serious implications on the business... UAE is collectively known worldwide as a regional hub that serves numerous multinational organizations by facilitating and providing much needed economic, social and technological infrastructure. Similarly, on the other hand, Dubai as a city is known globally as a financial hub of the Middle East. In the last two decades or so, Dubai has transformed itself significantly to construct state of the art infrastructure in almost every field and discipline. Under the leadership of His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum who is the current ruler of Dubai and also the Prime Minister of UAE, Dubai has focused on bringing reforms in education, health, hospitality, real estate, transport, logistics and in the overall economy. Unlike Abu Dhabi that is dependent on oil and gas resources for revenue generation, Dubai’s economy is based on different clusters which include trading, shipping, logistics, banking, real estate, construction and most importantly tourism. Since the research is based on highlighting issues related to supply chain; trading, shipping, transportation and logistics activities will be discussed primarily. Dubai which is the business hub of Middle East is strategically placed to serve China and other industrial nations with regards to importing goods. Dubai as a city is one of the biggest importers of Asian goods in Middle East and therefore is also classed as a re-exporting hub of Middle East and North Africa.

Security problem in Taiwan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Security problem in Taiwan - Essay Example Remarkably lax policies have made Taiwanese nightclubs a heaven for alcohol and substance abusers and sexual offenders. It has become a favourite pastime for a large population to go to clubs late at night and abuse illegal drugs. However, there is not the growing issue of illegal drugs only which is contributing to chaos in the country. There are other dangers lurking in the shadows of nightclub culture which have more far-reaching consequences. These dangers are related to unfortunate incidents of rape, kidnapping, and assault which are becoming very common in Taiwan because a very facilitating environment is provided for such crimes in the country. This environment raises the probability rate of such crimes. In order to help resolve this issue, I propose the solution based on 12 am curfew. This curfew is already being practiced in many countries around the globe where same kind of nightclub dangers were encountered as in Taiwan. This solution is effective because Despite the media focus on drugs like ecstasy, many incidents of assault and rape have also been reported in Taiwan because of young women not being able to defend themselves in an intoxicated state. Especially in a culture where drinking is heavily promoted, violence is endemic. Taiwan is a country which comes to life late at night. It would not be an exaggerated statement if said that it is a country which never sleeps. Due to a plethora of nightclubs which remain open to visitors all hours at night, the streets glow with hedonistic abandon and are seen packed with jubilant people looking for all kinds of activities. This culture leads to two big problems, vandalism and drug abuse. The state of Springfield police statistics also serve to prove the efficacy of 12 am curfew. For example, a report compares the number of calls for a six month period before and after enforcement of the 1 am curfew. It is revealed that â€Å"the calls for service declined from 1,197 to

The Challenges Faced by Logistics Organisations in the UAE Dissertation

The Challenges Faced by Logistics Organisations in the UAE - Dissertation Example This research study aims to study and analyse the challenges faced by transport organizations in the UAE. The financial crisis created many economic problems for various business sectors in Dubai that includes the supply chain and logistic sector. Therefore this research will discuss the adverse effects of global financial crisis and its implications to transport industry in Dubai as a whole. On a positive a report by Business Monitor International (2011) cites Frost and Sullivan (2010) who consider UAE as a growth market for freight and logistics. Their study found that the Emirates’ logistics market is set to generate record revenues this year, and will continue to grow over the medium term as a result of its concerted effort to place itself at the centre of the global freight forwarding network. But there are challenges galore due to constant threats to supply chains in the region with the talk of war in the region as well as due to overcapacity and a drop in demand continu ally threatening to push down rates and impinge on profits. The UAE’s primary ports are forecast to grow over the medium term, though at a slower rate than before the economic crisis. The air and logistics sectors in the UAE are continuing to grow at a rapid pace, with more logistics companies relocating their hubs to the country, and national air carriers continuing to expand and post improved results. 1.1 Academic Relevance: It is important to study the topic due to its academic relevance. Supply chain and logistic are key industries in the UAE and act as the life blood of business in the UAE, with little manufacturing base. The major chunk of Dubai’s economy is based on logistic industry and problems arising in this industry may have serious implications on the business... UAE is collectively known worldwide as a regional hub that serves numerous multinational organizations by facilitating and providing much needed economic, social and technological infrastructure. Similarly, on the other hand, Dubai as a city is known globally as a financial hub of the Middle East. In the last two decades or so, Dubai has transformed itself significantly to construct state of the art infrastructure in almost every field and discipline. Under the leadership of His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum who is the current ruler of Dubai and also the Prime Minister of UAE, Dubai has focused on bringing reforms in education, health, hospitality, real estate, transport, logistics and in the overall economy. Unlike Abu Dhabi that is dependent on oil and gas resources for revenue generation, Dubai’s economy is based on different clusters which include trading, shipping, logistics, banking, real estate, construction and most importantly tourism. Since the research is based on highlighting issues related to supply chain; trading, shipping, transportation and logistics activities will be discussed primarily. Dubai which is the business hub of Middle East is strategically placed to serve China and other industrial nations with regards to importing goods. Dubai as a city is one of the biggest importers of Asian goods in Middle East and therefore is also classed as a re-exporting hub of Middle East and North Africa.

Mohammed Daoud Khan Essay Example for Free

Mohammed Daoud Khan Essay The chapter begins where the last left off, Amir was left speechless after Hassan’s criticism. Before Amir could respond to Hassans criticism of his story, gunfire erupted outside. The boys huddled together with Ali until Baba came home. For the first time, Amir saw fear on his fathers face. He was even glad for the violence for a moment, because Baba held him and Hassan close. The events of that night, July 17, 1973, were a precursor to the end of life as Afghanis knew it. What would follow was the Communist coup detat of 1978, followed by the Russian occupation beginning in December of 1979. On that July night, the kings brother, Daoud Khan, had seized Zahir Shahs kingdom while he was away. Afghanistan had gone overnight from a monarchy to a republic. Tired of listening to the radio news, Amir and Hassan went to climb their favourite tree. On the way, a young sociopath named Assef and his friends confronted them. He taunted Hassan for being a Hazara; Assef also had a habit of taunting Ali, whom he called Babalu. He praised Hitler and then said that he wanted to finish what Hitler started and rid Afghanistan of Hazaras. He called Amir and Baba a disgrace to Afghanistan for taking in Hazaras. Just as Assef threatened to punch Amir with his brass knuckles, Hassan pointed his slingshot at the bully and threatened to take out his eye. Assef and his friends retreated, but promised to come back for Amir and Hassan later. On Hassans birthday, Baba summoned him to the house as usual to collect his present. To Hassan, Amir, and Alis shock, Baba had hired a plastic surgeon to correct Hassans harelip. Amir was jealous that Baba was giving Hassan such special attention. The surgery went well and Hassan could finally smile an unbroken smile. Ironically, Amir explains, it was soon after that Hassan stopped smiling for good.

What Is Meant By The Term Business Sector Marketing Essay

What Is Meant By The Term Business Sector Marketing Essay A business sector can be defined as three different things. These are the public, private and voluntary sector also known as the community sector (not for profit). The three different sectors have different purposes and I will go through what these are. The private sector is quite the opposite from the public sector. The private sector is run by private individuals and not controlled by the government. In the UK the private sector employs the majority of the workforce and is responsible for allocating most of the resources within the economy. The main role of private sector businesses is to make a profit from the services and products they provide for their customers. Some examples of private sector businesses include retail sales, catering, entertainment and health and fitness. Virgin is an example of a massive private sector company that makes a major contribution to the wealth of the United Kingdom. We can also break this down further as the private sector contains businesses that are run differently to others. These include a sole trader, a partnership, a private limited company, a public limited company and a franchise. I will now go into detail about why each of the businesses is different which will show why although still falling under the same category of the private sector these businesses are slightly different from each other. Sole Trader A sole trader is a company run by only one person so, will have to fund the business out of their own pocket. This type of business is easily set up and you are your own boss which also means all the profits that the business makes you are able to keep all to yourself. This all sounds well and good however, a sole trader also has some disadvantages. First of all, the owner will have to deal with any loss to the company which is unlimited liability. It could also be quite hard in getting the money to set up a business as the banks have a stereotypical view of sole trader businesses going out of business in the first year. You also might find that you have to work long hours and get very little holiday if any at all. Sole traders are usually quite small businesses such as an electrician or a plumber. Partnership A company run by between 2-20 people. It could be much easier for a partnership to get the money together to start a business as banks look favourably on partnerships as they tend to succeed more compared to for example, a sole trader. Again, we have disadvantages and advantages of a partnership. Any loss made within the company can be split between the owners but equally any profits will also have to be divided between all owners. The decision making process could be a disadvantage too. There could be split views on a certain matter which could cause friction between the owners. Private Limited Company A company owned by shareholders and run with limited liability. A downside to a private limited company would be that they cannot offer company shares to the public (float its shares on the stock exchange) this could restrict access to finance especially if the business wishes to become larger. Because a private limited company has limited liability they are only liable to any debts up to a maximum of what they have invested themselves. This of course is a good thing. You can only lose what you are prepared to put in. A private limited company also has tighter control on who it issues shares to so this is another good thing. Public Limited Company Only two people are needed to run a public limited company however, there is no upper limit. The public including other businesses can buy shares in the company which is good as this means a company can expand by doing this. Most of the shares are bought and sold through the stock exchange and for the publics benefit the share prices are printed in the newspapers so that the public can know the prices. Also, like a private limited company, shareholders have limited liability so, if a company were to go bankrupt then the shareholders are only responsible for the value of their shares. Franchise A franchise is an agreement between two parties to allow an entrepreneur to run a business for somebody else but, operate under their name and to sell its goods or services. This agreement grants the rights to operate a certain business at a single address. The rights in the agreement could allow for use of a company trademark, designs and book keeping etc. There is a much reduced risk in setting up a franchise as opposed to the above examples as the name that you are using to trade under is already a well established business therefore this reduces the risk of setting up a business dramatically. You pay for the image the company has already established. Voluntary Sector This sector works on very limited budgets. This sector has organisations ranging from national bodies to small local groups. These include youth and community groups, touring clubs, social clubs, sports club associations and art associations. The voluntary sector organisations do not make a profit but at the same time they must work in credit if they are to not go bankrupt. People who work for these organisations do not get paid. The money comes purely from donations or fundraising. 2 + 3. Name three businesses from three different Business Sectors and describe by writing a paragraph on each, what each business does. Public Sector NHS The NHS is publicly funded and provides mostly free services to anyone who lives in the UK however, there can be some charges associated with eye tests, dental care and prescriptions. The business purpose of the NHS is to provide a service to the public rather than making a profit. It is the largest publicly funded health service in the world and is funded by the government. Around 60% of the budget allocated to the NHS is used to pay staff. Drugs and other supplies take up 20%. The remaining 20% is split between things such as training costs, medical equipment, catering and cleaning. Below is a diagram of how the NHS works: NHS.gif Image taken from: www.nhs.uk/England/AboutTheNhs/Default.cmsx Private Sector Carphone Warehouse Known as the Phone House outside of the UK the Carphone Warehouse has three different fields of operation: Distribution, data services and telecom services. The Carphone warehouse sells mobile phones, accessories and even insurance. They provide sales of goods where the customer can purchase anything they like within a selected branch over the counter. They also have a website where customers can purchase goods and have them conveniently delivered to their home saving time and money. Also, like many successful businesses they have expanded their business nationwide and even abroad which has proved very successful. The main aim for a private sector business such as the Carphone Warehouse is to make a profit from the services they provide to their customers. A private sector company is very unlikely to get involved in the non profit area of business. Store numbers at 31st December 2009 european_map.jpg Image taken from: www.cpwplc.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=123964p=irol-history Voluntary Sector Oxfam Oxfam was founded in England in 1942. It is a non-political, independent organisation, with no religious affiliations. Oxfams aim is a simple one: To work with others to find lasting solutions to poverty and suffering. This is given on their website www.oxfam.org.uk/coolplanet/kidsweb/oxfam/whatox.htm Oxfam have programmes in over 70 different countries. They work with local people to help improve their life. They might help train health workers, set up a school and safeguard water supplies. Oxfam respond to emergencies helping people who have been hit by a disaster like that of a hurricane or a flood. They also speak up on behalf of people to ensure that governments listen to them and act on better supporting people in disaster hit areas. A voluntary sector organisation such as Oxfam does not work like the other sectors do. They do not exist to make a profit and are not funded by the government. They rely on donations and fundraising by everyday normal people to help them keep running. 4. Justify why each of the 3 businesses is in its sector Public Sector NHS The NHS is in the public sector which is paid for by the government. It is in this sector precisely for that reason. The government pays the staff employed by the NHS who are doctors, nurses and midwifes etc. The NHS is different from a private sector company as it doesnt seek to make profits but instead it provides a service to the people. They might charge for a few things like a prescription or an eye test but overall the NHS is a free service funded by the government which comes from tax payers money. Private Sector Carphone Warehouse The Carphone Warehouse is in the private sector as its main aim is to make a profit and to maximise its profits. All private sector companies have the same aim. They all exist to make a profit. They are not funded by the government (public sector) and they do not exist to provide a free service and rely on donations to run the business (voluntary sector). This is why the Carphone Warehouse fits into the private sector. Voluntary Sector Oxfam Oxfam is in the voluntary sector as its neither funded by the government nor set up to make a profit. Oxfam is a registered organisation that aims to help people in need. The services they provide are free. The money to help keep the charity running has to be raised from fundraising and donations. 5. Describe the term Business Classification According to www.rmcareers.com the term Business Classification means: The systematic arranging of business operations into groups or categories according to certain criteria. Another way to explain this is to say that we have three different Business sectors, Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. These three sectors are split according to the type of service they provide, this is what we call Business Classification. For example, the primary sector takes natural resources and converts them into primary products. All businesses that fall under this category are therefore classed as primary. We can include in the primary sector, agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining, oil extraction and quarrying. The secondary and tertiary sectors are arranged in the same way. The secondary sector is made up of businesses that manufacture finished goods. Manufacturing industries such as vehicle production, making of clothing and engineering all come under the secondary sector. Finally, the tertiary sector is made up of businesses that sell a product to the public. The tertiary sector provides services to the general population and businesses. We can include retail, transportation and restaurants under the tertiary sector. So, to conclude, Business Classification means to organise businesses into sectors that match the criteria in which they operate. 6. Explain why it is important to have a Business Classification system It is important to a lot of people including the government that we have a business classification system so, we can notice certain areas which need improving or so that people such as investors know where to invest their money (or to at least have an idea). To give an example of this, we could have a potential investor who is looking to invest some money into a certain business sector. This person would need to know what is happening in the different sectors so he can know how secure his investment within that area is. If he didnt have the correct information that he needed then he might put a lot of money at risk not knowing what will happen to it whereas, with the correct information and by looking at the growth and decline in certain sectors, he can be more sure of where his money would be safer placed. It is also important that we have a Business Classification system so that the government can successfully record information from the different business sectors to show which areas are growing and which are declining. This is vital so that our economy is always progressing the best that it could be. The government will know by looking at the different sectors which areas need money put into them and which areas dont need as much help. 7. Provide one example of a business from each type of Business Classification and say why it has been included in that classification Primary Fishing Fishing is a primary sector business as fishermen take natural resources and convert them into primary products. In this example it would be the many different types of fish that they catch (natural resource) and then turn into a primary product allowing them to be sold at a fish market or similar. Secondary Car Manufacturing Car manufacturers fit into the secondary sector as they create a finished usable product such as in this example a car. They manufacture a product so they fall under the secondary sector. Tertiary Supermarkets A supermarket falls under the tertiary sector as they provide services to the general population and to businesses. A supermarket will typically purchase manufactured goods from secondary sector businesses and sell them to the consumers. An example could be fish. At first a primary product which is then manufactured (a secondary product) then sold to the public by the supermarket (tertiary). 8. Explain which sectors as identified by the Business Classification System, are growing and which are declining Primary Although in the primary sector there are certain areas which are growing such as the production of organic food and the extraction of minerals, overall the sector is declining. We can see various different reasons for this including that of non renewable resources. We only have limited amounts of things such as coal, petroleum and natural gas. All of these things cannot be produced, grown or generated. Once these are gone, they are gone. A number of Nottingham mines have closed over the years including the RJB owned mine which saw its profits drop dramatically leading up to its closure. The coal reserves soon ran out which caused hundreds of employees to transfer to other mines in the region. We are now importing a lot of non renewable sources from abroad. We do this because finding new resources can be very expensive and difficult. This, of course, causes the primary sector to decline. Secondary The secondary sector is declining and I think the obvious thing here is of course the advances in technology. Why would a business pay for somebody to do a job when we now have robots that can do things at a much lower cost and perhaps even better than a human? Also, a lot of companies have now relocated abroad to countries where manufacturing costs are much lower so that they can continue to make profits instead of paying high labour costs. Examples could be of the textile and ship building industries which have vanished due to cheap imports. This also causes the secondary sector to decline. Tertiary The tertiary sector is forever growing and this is because everyone needs a service that falls under the tertiary sector. Everyone needs to eat so we have places like McDonalds and Burger King. As a country becomes more developed there is an increasing need for tertiary sector services such as transport and banking. The tertiary sector should keep steadily growing over time because again the demand for goods is growing.