Literacy Is A Fundamental Basis Of A Student s Academic...

Literacy is a fundamental basis of a student’s academic success. Without the skills of language, reading, and writing, children will have limited academic, economic, social, and emotional success in school and later in life (Maddox Fung, 2013, p.3). According to the National Assessment of Educational Progress, 33% of U.S. students in elementary schools read below the basic reading level (NAEP, 2009). During this time, the Common Core initiative was in works to ensure that all students across America were graduating high school ready for college, career, and life. In 2010, a majority of the United States adopted the Common Core State Standards [CCSS]. Within these expectations the language, reading, and writing strands were developed for all grade levels. These three strands were developed to prepare children to become literate. The CCSS are the most effective way to implement goals for literacy education, for American students to succeed not only in school, but in the future. First, it is important to understand what it means to be literate and why being literate is important in today’s society. To be literate today means much more than being able to read and write. For a child today, it means that they are better able to create, critique, and analyze material. It is important to obtain these skills due to the rise in technology. Children need to be able to read, analyze, and evaluate what they find online in order to succeed in school. Building upon these skillsShow MoreRelatedRoles And Impact Of Of Academic Listening Skills1290 Words   |  6 PagesThe roles and impacts of Academic listening skills on EAL international students in New Zealand Colleges and Universities (B) The continuous increase in the number of international students mostly from non-native English speaking countries such as China, Iran, Malaysia and India, travelling to study in New Zealand is alarming. There is a growing concern on which components of academic language skills English as an additional language (EAL) international students will require for studies, as the mediumRead MoreA Collective Effort Should Be Made From The Educative Staff1289 Words   |  6 Pagesstaff in order to make the class easier to relate to from the student s perspective. This could be done by both making courses more interactive, and addressing real life problems instead of purely theoretical ones. It is very important for students to feel not only identified with the other members of the school, but to be able to participate and be part of an experience that will give them a better emotional and academic life. Students tend to be subjected to too much familiarity and not enough experimentationRead Mo rePeer Review : Draft Of Literature1485 Words   |  6 PagesReview: Draft of Literature Research shows that students are lacking critical writing skills that are fundamental for the 21st century. This may be due to technology, some may be due to the lack of laziness or both. This failure in learner’s writing is one of the main reasons for implementing the Common Core standards. It is obvious that student’s writing skills are important in this day and time. Standardized test scores provide much evidence that students do not have acceptable writing skills. TodayRead MoreImpact of Socioeconomic Status on Academic Performance4432 Words   |  18 PagesEffects of Socioeconomic Status on Academic Performance Name Instructor Introduction Problem statement America today faces an issue of epic proportion that is critically essential. An issue that continues to affect her economy, challenge her highest ideals as well as reducing the competitiveness of her workforce, an issue that is deeply rooted her history, her society as well as her culture. The issue in question here is education inequality. This project explores the belief thatRead MoreResolution Of Speech Therapy And Lip Reading1621 Words   |  7 Pageswithout knowing what they need. Not only that but, they will also feel closer to their child as they will be communicating with them before they normally could. Access: It wasn t long ago when the deaf were harshly oppressed and denied even their fundamental rights. Abbe Charles Michel de L Epee established the first public free deaf school in 1771. Sign Language access is becoming easier and easier to get a hold of.  ¨Sign language interpreters are often used in the classroom, for medical appointmentsRead MoreResearch-Based Best Practices in L2 Literacy Developing Reading Comprehension Skills for English Language Learners5405 Words   |  22 PagesResearch-Based Best Practices in L2 Literacy Developing Reading Comprehension Skills for English Language Learners Infiernito Finca Escuela Honduras (2009) EDUC 5465 Introduction to ESL/Bilingual and Special Education Written by: Mia Ariela Allen May 2010 Research-Based Best Practices in L2 Literacy Developing Reading Comprehension Skills for English Language Learners Research guiding questions: * How should classroom reading instruction practices best meet the needs ofRead MoreThe Early Childhood Education Of Literacy And Numeracy3635 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction Literacy and numeracy are the most vital skills for any individual in modern society. The early childhood education of literacy and numeracy is of great importance to not only intellectual growth but also to emotional and social development in later years. Literacy is one of the fundamental ability for one to be able to make sense of text, signs, books, and modern technologies. Numeracy includes aspects such as number sense, computation, measurement, and geometry, which are all vitalRead MoreThe Growth Of Literacy Skills2155 Words   |  9 PagesLiteracy can be defined as the ability to read and write. It can also be defined as the capacity to identify, understand, create, interpret, communicate and compute, using written and printed materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy includes the capability to read, comprehend, and critically appreciate various forms of communication, including spoken language, written text, broadcast media, and digital media. The contemporary mea ning has been expanded to include the knowledge to use languageRead MoreRole of Education in 21st Century2997 Words   |  12 Pagespebbles at sea-shore while the great ocean of knowledge lies before me’. Since then, knowledge has grown enormously at  a much faster speed than human ability to cope with it.   Technological advancements of twentieth century, especially during post 1970†²s due to revolution in the field of information technology, have changed the whole scenario. Entering into world of knowledge is like going into a dense forest. Only way out is to develop clarity of thought/mind, as to what one wants to know  and make sincereRead MoreEarly Childhood Literacy Proposal3552 Words   |  15 PagesEarly Childhood Literacy LaTonya Grady EDU 626 Introductions to Research and Methodology Dr. Paula Zobisch July 30, 2012 Abstract Research on early childhood literacy pinpoints the early childhood years as the foundational base period for developing the language and literacy skills that are fundamental to a young child’s long term developmental success in reading and writing. This study places theoretical attention on the essential components of literacy that promote and predict the essential emergent

China - 2063 Words

How far can the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 be considered the key turning point in the development of China in the years 1900-2000? During the years 1900-2000 there were many turning points in Chinas history. We saw such things as The fall of the Qing Dynasty and imperialism February 1912, The warlord era 1915, The rise of the nationalists 1928, The formation of the PRC in 1949, The Korean and Vietnam wars 1950 and 1964, Nixons visit in 1972 and Deng Xiaopings Third Plenum. The key Turing point in Chinas history would have to be the rise of Deng Xiaoping in 1976. The reason behind this is by looking at social political, economic and international development Deng achieved greater positive development†¦show more content†¦The formation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 started extensive development in China. This was all or-castrated by Chinas communist leader Mao Zedong. There were many positive developments socially in China. For example, due to the great support from the peasants Mao decided to reward them by giving them land that was once leased to them by the landlords. This lead to ab out 500000 landlords being prosecuted and sentenced to death or forced labor camps. These reforms in 1951 were a big development in china as it was the first time the peasants seemed to be represented let alone a stake in China. Along with this development of Chinese peasants owning their own land there was a 22% increase in grain yield the following year after their reforms however, this is limited in that during the great leap forward in 1958-62, Mao brought in new legislation that all farms would be made into large communes under state control, run by the PLA (Peoples liberation army). The limitation showed in this point is that Mao was reversing his decision to give the land to the peasants but also this lead to the great famine where 30,000,000 people died as a result due to production of food falling by 63% andShow MoreRelatedThe Between China And China980 Words   |  4 Pagesfairness and impartiality in the justice system, which along with its capitalist economy, further di fferentiated itself from China. This concept of â€Å"one country, two systems† is an important element of Hong Kong governance, and by extension, its people. This represents a time when Hong Kong is slowly pulling its influence away from China. Due to its insulation from China that ran a communist government, Hong Kong was able to flourish as an international financial center under a free market economyRead MoreChina s Impact On China1181 Words   |  5 Pagesmany decades, China has always been technologically and economically ahead of Europe. The invention of gunpowder, printing, and the compass started in China and was later dispersed throughout Europe. These inventions changed China as much as they changed Europe. These inventions also caused a gap between China and Europe. By the late eighteenth century, industrial revolution first started its spread from Europe.The transformations within Europe began to further accelerate while China was falling behindRead MoreChina677 Words   |  3 PagesSui Dynasty (589 – 618 CE) was a short lived Imperial Chinese dynasty, preceded by the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It unified China for the first time after nearly four centuries of north-south division. It was followe d by the Tang Dynasty. Founded by Emperor Wen of Sui, the capital was Chang’an. His reign saw the reunification of Southern and Northern China and the construction of the Grand Canal, connecting the Yellow and Yangtze River for easy trading. The canal was used to carry riceRead MoreRural Life Of China And China1122 Words   |  5 PagesMaria Elena Granera Ms. Lopez AP Economics 7 November 2014 Rural Life in China â€Å"In China’s rural hinterland, where half the nation’s 1.3 billion people live, incomes are, on average, less than a third of those in cities† (The New York Times). Economically, rural China depends mainly on agriculture, but socially, sex inequality and diseases prevail in this part of the country. Villages, mostly populated by the country’s ocean of elders, are getting poorer while the cities are getting richer evenRead MoreMoney Frauds : China And China994 Words   |  4 PagesAgainst Money Frauds China is one of the countries that have the highest yearly rate of frauds. Although the China governments have uploaded many promotional videos on preventing the crooks, but can we really get away from the fraud base on those videos? The risk of fraudulent activity is increases every year in China. The China government should establish a special department to help people to prevent from the money frauds, because frauds are the problem that affects people a lot and also becauseRead MoreThe Guanxi Between China And China1741 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The Guanxi phenomena is exclusive to China and is very apparent in everyday life, it can be used in the personal dealings or at the business level. Guanxi concept is not completely alien to the rest of the world, it is apparent in a slightly different, more modest form. Most of people would be aware of bribery (it is an act of giving money or gifts that alters the behavior of the recipient), which would be someway linked to guanxi concept. The main difference is that bribery recognisedRead MoreChina s Rural Crisis : China1403 Words   |  6 Pagesexternal pressures that caused the eventual collapse of Qing society. Foreign imperialism highlighted China’s backwardness to its own citizens and, and also heightened the already existing conflicts within China itself. It directly challenged the cultural nexus of power, which held China together for hundreds of years. This system combined the imperial examination system, standard marketing community, language of lineage, and popular religions to promote the cultural form of governance. TheseRead MoreTrade Imbalance Between China And China1365 Words   |  6 Pagesnations in the eastern hemisphere. China was one of those nations. China was a nation known for isolating itself from outside influen ce, especially from the Europeans. Soon the Europeans began to grow jealous of China s bounty of enticing goods and resources such as porcelain, tea and silk. China on the other hand did not have any need for European goods. In pursuit to put a halt to the trade imbalance between the two nations, Britain started to smuggle opium into China. The reason behind this was becauseRead MoreTrade Imbalance Between China And China1674 Words   |  7 Pagesporcelain were much desired by European and had a huge demand in the Western market. In England, tea was the most desired Chinese good and trade in tea was very lucrative. However, this created a trade imbalance because Western goods had no market in China. China was a self-sustaining country and that make it harder for Western merchant to trade with them. Apart from that, the merchants had a hard time getting into Chinese market and had to deal through Chinese middlemen in Canton. At this point, the BritishRead MorePoverty in China1079 Wo rds   |  5 Pages12/3/14 Poverty in China FRIDAY October seventeenth was Chinas first official â€Å"Poverty Alleviation Day†, a yearly assembly of discussions and pledge drives, intended to rally deliberations to battle hardship. Obviously, because of Chinas quick financial advancement, the nation as of now assuages a great deal of destitution every day: a year ago the quantity of rustic poor fell by 16.5m or in excess of 45,000 individuals every day. However that still left 82.49m individuals stuck in country

You Are What You Wear Free Essays

Whoever said â€Å"clothes make a man† had the right idea about people perceive each other on the first look. Whether you like it or not, a big part of the first impression that we make when you meet someone depends on how you look – which is basically how you’re dressed. Looking good is an obsession with people these days. We will write a custom essay sample on You Are What You Wear or any similar topic only for you Order Now We love to keep up on the latest trends and make sure we’re sporting the latest fashion. Just take a look around you. Bangalis seem to be really catching up with the rest of the globe when it comes to fashion trends these days.The fashion industry is rapidly carving itself a sizable niche here. Compared to even a few years back, boutiques and fashion houses are popping up everywhere. There’s more opportunities opening up for the fashion junkies with school offering degrees in fashion designing to help people unleash their creativity when it comes to showcasing their sense of style. In our frenzy to become more fashion forward, there’s always a little collateral damage that comes with the territory whenever you try to keep the pace. In a society that’s undergoing a major transition, we seem to have missed the mark on a few trends that we adopted from our neighbors. Trying to adjust them into our own way of doing things, some The other day I was sitting at the cafeteria of my university campus and realized that there’s a lot of people who just put things on because it’s in fashion. Not to sound completely judgmental, but if you show up to school with a 80’s style bouffant ending in a long braid, wearing a highly embroidered shalwar kameez with very dressy jewelry, people will wonder about the occasion.It’s fun to browse through people’s varying tastes, but some ensembles make you really wonder what brought it on. When asked what the occasion was, my very dressed up classmate replied, â€Å"the 80’s are in†¦ don’t you watch movies and soaps?! † I got a similar reply from another person when asked about the new style of kameez that look a lot like frocks. These frock-dresses worn with churidar shalwars are tagged the â€Å"Anarkali Kameez†, and are rather popular amongst people. How appropriate they are for day at the university, or at work even is a question I want to ask but really can’t. The most ridiculous of all modified desi fashion trends, in my opinion, is however the â€Å"short† trend. There are some that take the ankle length shalwar trend so seriously that they gave birth to a new phenomenon. Lo and behold, it is the â€Å"three quarter† shalwar which ends an inch or two inch above your ankle. It looks nice in summer when short fashions are in. Personally I think it’s a great way to incorporate the cropped look into desi clothes.On the downside though when you’re all wrapped up in warm shawls in winter, cropped shalwars really don’t make a very good fashion statement. Incidentally, if you really want to wear a short kameez, make sure it’s a kameez and not a kurta or a fatua you’re sporting over a shalwar. Put on an actual fatua with a traditional shalwar and try on the look. It kind of looks odd. Then there are the western trends that we try to emulate and sometimes end up looking rather odd. Come winter, everyone brings out the jackets and jeans. It’s the one season in the whole year when you can sport western fashions without being called â€Å"inappropriately dressed†. Then again, if you decide on a jacket with a fur lined hood for a day out in the Bangali winter, I would like to ask why. I mean, when it’s still sunny all day in the middle of November do you really need a fur lined hooded coat? I’m sure Beyonce wore something similar in a video last week, but she lives in Northern America where it snows. Also, boots in Bangladesh are a little ridiculous if you ask me. They are cute, but honestly†¦ what occasion could possibly call for boots, even in winter?The closest thing to boots one might even want in this country are probably rubber boots in monsoon when the streets are water logged and you have to wade through muck anytime you decide to walk. Sadly enough though, the thing that really brings out the worst in people is when you put on clothes regardless of whether they look good on you. Like my afore-mentioned classmate, there are way too many people who wear clothes just because they are in fashion. One of my closest friends showed up to class the other day wearing super tight skinny jeans with a short shirt.Catch was, she’s on the heavier end of the scales. Her excuse, â€Å"everyone wears them†. Yet, upon a good look in a full length mirror she admitted it did nothing for the extra pounds she added on during the last eid holidays. Recently though, besides bollywood trends and soap opera fashions, a lot of people seem to be picking up on western fashion trends. The â€Å"emo† trends seem to have really made a mark on the younger crowd in Dhaka. Everywhere you look, there’s a kid with the side swept bangs and dark clothes with a brooding attitude.But, here too are those that get the look right and the ones who couldn’t decide halfway between Emo, Hannah Montana and Beyonce. The effect I must say is rather alarming when you mix the three. Needless to say, thank god they haven’t discovered Lady Gaga. What you wear, really does define who you are the first time someone looks at you. The best way to make a good impression is to make sure you look well-dressed – which means you are appropriately dressed for the occasion and look good in what you wear. Showing up at a job interview looking like you’re on your way to a wedding is hardly the best way to present yourself.While a lot of people would write off fashion as something fickle and not worth wasting too much time on, I personally think it’s important to put a bit of effort on how you look. Although, while keeping up on the latest fashions and looking good is important, it’s also good to know what look works for you. If you cannot pull it off, don’t put it on. Nine out of ten time’s you will end up looking rather out of character. It’s good to experiment and have a look that sets you apart from the rest. On the other, it’s good to bear in mind – not everyone is Lady Gaga. How to cite You Are What You Wear, Papers

Poetic Devices and Examples Essay Example For Students

Poetic Devices and Examples Essay Similes: figures of speech that compares two unlike things, using the words Like or as. His feet were as big as boats. Alliteration: the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. Metaphor: a figure of speech that compares two unlike things directly, without the use of like or as. Her hair Is silk. Personification: assigning human qualities to non-human things. The tropical storm slept for two days. Onomatopoeia: words that imitate sounds. Boom. Gurgle. Plink. Hyperbole: an expression of exaggeration. l nearly died laughing. Symbolism: using an object to represent an Idea. A symbol means what It Is and also something more. Lions often symbolize royalty. Puns: words with a humorous double meaning, a play on words. A dog not only has a fur coat but also pants. Idioms: expressions that have a meaning apart from the meanings of the individual words. Its raining cats and dogs. Foot: the time period into which the beat of the poetic line is divided. A foot is made p of several syllables, some long and some short. Meter: refers to how the feet are put together to form lines of poetry. The combinations of long and short syllables give poetry a musical feel. Rhythm: the pattern of long and short syllables in a poetic line. In modern poetry, some words receive greater vocal emphasis than others. Lyrics: what poets write, the actual words used to form the framework of rhythm and meter. Mood: the overall feeling the poem creates. Mood, or tone, for example, can be playful, sad, lonely, angry or Joyful.

Economic Depression in USA

Introduction Economic depression is defined as the sustained and prolonged down-turn in the economy of a country. Depression is considered more extreme and severe than economic recession. Though depression is considered a form of recession only that depression is characterized by its length, the abnormality of economic factors like rising cases of unemployment, decline in credit availability and also shrinking output and highly volatile monetary value.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Economic Depression in USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Depression is linked to the following two indicators; decline in the Gross Domestic Product by a margin of more than 10% and secondly a recession period exceeding 2 years. According to Foldvary, recession is derived from the word recede that implies falling back and it lasts for a very short time and depression is understood based on the degree of output fall and the extend of the down-turn (Foldvary 3). An economic depression happens when there is fall in output below the long-run trend. The Depression of 1873-1879 This depression was as a result of the bankruptcy of the railroad investment firm of Jay Cooke and company and particularly the restrictive monetary policy of the federal government; this is whereby the gold standard increment could not maintain the pressure for money demands that could enhance the growth of the economy. Deflation is also a factor that led to this depression (Watkins and Allay 1) The Depression of 1893-1898 This was considered to be the worst form of depression ever witnessed in the US before the 1930. It first emanated from the agricultural crises that affected the southern cotton belt and the Great Plains in 1880s and it later hit the Wall Street and the urban areas in 1893. This from of depression led to a massive unemployment which is still considered the highest in the US history at 20-25%, the depression resulted in widespread poverty among the Americans of various income levels. The magnitude of the depression was so acute that by 12896, it was made a popular subject of political campaigns (Edwards 1) The Great Depression of 1929-1933 The United States of America experienced the worst, the longest and the most severe economic depression in the year 1929. This depression led to an acute decline in output, extreme unemployment and drastic deflation in the USA and it has been ranked the second calamity to the civil war.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This depression was largely associated to several factors like the reduced consumer demand, great financial panic and misplaced government spending that forced a fall in economic output. This depression led to the reduction in industrial production by 47% and the subsequent reduction of the Gross Domestic product (GDP) by 30%, it also resul ted in the decline in the wholesale price index or otherwise referred as deflation by 33%; also the unemployment rate reached 20% which was considered the highest point at that time (Romer 1). This depression is just considered severe when compared to the next depression to hit America in the year 1981-82 that resulted in the decline of GDP by 2%. The USA recovery from this depression began in 1933 when the GDP began to improve at 95 per annum (Romer 3). The 1930 depression saw the increased level of unemployment characterized by a lot of labor force but no work to do and the worst part of depression was in 1933 when the unemployment rate fall below 10%. Recession appeared twice during the great depression, in the august of 1929 and March of 1933 between as indicated by the following graph; Concerning unemployment, the high rate of unemployment is demonstrated by the following graph; Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Economic Depression in USA specifically fo r you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another main indicator of the great depression is the GDP which was greatly affected as seen in the following graph; During the great depression, the most hit sector was the banking sector. The following table is an indication of how banks were affected including the number of suspended banks and also indicates the decrease in the number of banks as a result of merger, failure or collapse and voluntary liquidation. Number of banks and bank suspension Year Number as of 12-31 Suspensions 1929 24,633 659 1930 22,773 1350 1931 19970 2293 1932 18,397 1453 1933 15,015 4000 1934 16,096 57 Causes of the Great Depression The most critical cause of the great depression in the USA was the reduction in spending or otherwise referred as the reduced aggregate demand; this resulted in decline in production since manufacturer noticed an anticipated rise in inventories. This was reflected in other countries due to the factor of gold standard. Other factors that necessitated the great depression are: The stock market crash: the great depression is associated with the tight US monetary policy that targeted the limitation of stock market speculation; this was due to the mild recession that had been witnessed between 1924 and 1927 that had witnessed the massive rise in the stock prices in 1920 and reached the optimum in 1929 and as an immediate measure, the federal reserve had raised the interest rates in order to stop this spiraling stock prices and this largely affected the construction and the auto mobile industries. The fall in the stock prices in 1929 to extend that could not be justified by the anticipation rate resulted to the loss of investor confidence and subsequent bubble burst in the stock market.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This led to the panic selling on black ‘Thursday’ on October 24, 1929. The previous rise on stock prices had triggered a massive purchase of stock by the investors using loans and hence this price decline forced some investors to liquidate their holdings thus worsening the fall in prices. This crash in the stock market led to the considerable reduction in the consumer aggregate demand especially in the area of durable goods and investments and great fall in output. Banking panic and monetary contraction: this was experienced in the year 1930; banking panic occurs when â€Å"many depositors lose confidence in the solvency of banks and simultaneously demand their deposits be paid to them in cash† (Romer 8); this can lead to those banks that hold deposits as cash reserves to liquidate loans so that they be in position to pay the cash demands. This process of immediate liquidation can force any solvent bank to collapse. This continued till 1933 when President Frankli n Roosevelt proclaimed the ‘bank holiday’ in 1933 that involved the closing of all banks and could only re-open upon being considered solvent by the government inspectors. Economists largely associate this bank panic to the â€Å"increased farm debt in 1920† (Romer 8) and government policy that encouraged â€Å"small and undiversified banks† (Romer 8). The gold standard: economists largely associate the 1929-1933 great depression to the Federal Reserve; they accused the federal reserve of causing a big decline in the American money as a measure to preserve the gold standard. The gold standard implied that each country should fix the value of its currency based on the standard of gold. International lending and trade: the USA had expanded its foreign lending to Germany and the Latin America, this declined in the 1928 and 1929 due to the high interest rates and the flourishing stock market; â€Å"this reduction in foreign lending resulted in credit contract ion and the reduction in the output of borrower countries† (Romer 8). Economic impact of the Great War: when the first broke, no one expected that it would be of the magnitude witnessed; no one predicted the length of the war, the economic expenses of the war and the degree of destruction. The war caused a lot of infrastructural destruction, loss of lives and monetary value in the countries of Europe; this on the other hand precipitated a period of economic boom in the countries of Canada, USA and Latin America since the countries of Europe exhausted their gold reserves to borrow money, other countries also printed extra money. This war interrupted with patterns of domestic and international trade which preceded the economic depression. Sources of Recovery The two main ways of curbing the inflation were indentified as the currency devaluation and monetary expansion. Devaluation â€Å"allowed countries to expand their money supplies without concern about gold movements and exc hange rates† (Romer 8). Another way of curbing the crises was through the imposition of protectionism measure; this led to the launch of various tariffs, the 1988 US presidential seat was won through protectionist ticket. Economic Impact of Depression The depression influenced the US economy in a great way; some of them include the following: Human suffering: for the very short time of the depression, there was drastic increase in the output and the standard of living also a substantial fraction of the labor force could not find employment. Change on world economy: the great depression brought to the end the international gold standard era. Increased government involvement in the economy: after the depression, there was an increased government participation in the economy particularly in the financial market; evidence was the establishment of the Securities and Exchange Commission by the USA. Development of macro-economic policies: most of these policies were aimed at curbing the downturns and the upturns. Conclusion Depression is considered one of the worst macroeconomic aspects that can befall a country; the effects of economy are so devastating since its impact can be felt across the world. The US have experienced a lot five depressions of different magnitude and that has equipped it with experience on the various macroeconomic issues that are required to tame any further depression. The US has on the recent past experienced only recessions which are considered mild form of depression. It is worth mentioning that from the five economic depressions to have hit the US, all the possible remedies have been tried and applied, despite all the efforts it is not clear whether the business cycle that lead to depressions has been removed. Depression an also be considered a natural economic aspect that can be beyond government intervention. This is exemplified by the economic depression of 1907 and 1920 which was eliminated within a year without the government i ntervening. Works Cited Edwards, Rebecca. The depression of 1893. Projects, 2000. Web. Foldvary, Fred. The Depression of 2008 2nd edition. The Gutenberg Press, 2008. Web. Romer, Christina. Encyclopedia Britannica. Berkeley, 2003. Web. Watkins, Thayer and Allay, Tornado. The depression of 1873-1879. University of San Jose State, 2011. Web. This report on Economic Depression in USA was written and submitted by user Cadence Short to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Culture Specific Syndrome Essays

Culture Specific Syndrome Essays Culture Specific Syndrome Paper Culture Specific Syndrome Paper ultural Bound Syndromes Culture-bound syndrome The term culture-bound syndrome was included in the fourth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) which also includes a list of the most common culture-bound conditions (DSM-IV: Appendix I). Included in DSM-IV-TR (4th. ed) the term cultural-bound syndrome denotes recurrent, locality-specific patterns of abnormal behavior and troubling experience that may or may not be linked to a particular DSM-IV-TR diagnostic category. Many of these patterns are naturally considered to be illnesses, or at least afflictions, and most have local names. Although presentations conforming to the major DSM-IV-TR categories can be found throughout the world, the particular symptoms, course, and social response are very often influenced by local cultural factors. In contrast, cultural-bound syndromes are generally limited to specific societies or culture areas and are localized, folk, diagnostic categories that frame coherent meanings for certain repetitive, patterned, and troubling sets of experiences and observations. In medicine, a culture-specific syndrome or culture-bound syndrome is a combination of psychiatric and somatic symptoms that are considered to be a recognizable disease only within a specific society or culture. There are no objective biochemical or structural alterations of body organs or functions, and the disease is not recognized in other cultures. While a substantial portion of mental disorders, in the way they are manifested and experienced, are at least partially conditioned by the culture in which they are found, some disorders are more culture-specific than others. The concept of culture-bound syndromes is very controversial and many psychologists, medical doctors, and anthropologists reject the concept. The identification of culture-specific syndromes: A culture-specific syndrome is characterized by: categorization as a disease in the culture (i. e. , not a voluntary behavior or false claim); widespread familiarity in the culture; complete lack of familiarity of the condition to people in other cultures; no objectively demonstrable biochemical or tissue abnormalities (symptoms); the condition is usually recognized and treated by the folk medicine of the culture. Some culture-specific syndromes involve somatic symptoms (pain or disturbed function of a body part), while others are purely behavioral. Some culture-bound syndromes appear with similar features in several cultures, but with locally-specific traits, such as penis panics. A culture-specific syndrome is not the same as a geographically localized disease with specific, identifiable, causal tissue abnormalities, such as kuru or sleeping sickness, or genetic conditions limited to certain populations. It is possible that a condition originally assumed to be a culture-bound behavioral syndrome is found to have a biological cause; from a medical perspective it would then be redefined into another nosological category. Western medical perspectives: An interesting aspect of culture-specific syndromes is the extent to which they are â€Å"real†. Characterizing them as â€Å"imaginary† is as inaccurate as characterizing them as â€Å"malingering†, but there is no clear way to understand them from a Western scientific perspective. Culture-specific syndromes shed light on how our mind decides that symptoms are connected and how a society defines a known â€Å"disease†. In contrast, culture-bound syndromes are generally limited to specific societies or culture areas and are localized, folk, diagnostic [comma sic] categories that frame coherent meanings for certain repetitive, patterned, and troubling sets of experiences and observations. Medical care of the condition is challenging and illustrates a truly fundamental but rarely discussed aspect of the physician-patient relationship: the need to negotiate a diagnosis that fits the way of looking at the body and its diseases of both parties. The physician may do any of the following: Share the way the patient sees the disorder, and offer the folk medicine treatment, recognize it as a culture-bound syndrome, but pretend to share the patient’s perspectives and offer the folk medicine reatment or a new improvised treatment, recognize it as a culture-bound syndrome but try to educate the patient into seeing the condition as the physician sees it. The problem with the first choice is that physicians who pride themselves on their knowledge of disease like to think they know the difference between culture-specific disorders and â€Å"organic† diseases. While the second choice may be the quickest and most comfortable choice, the physician must deliberately deceiv e the patient. Currently in Western culture this is considered one of the most unethical things a physician can do, whereas in other times and cultures deception with benevolent intent has been an accepted tool of treatment. The third choice is the most difficult and time-consuming to do without leaving the patient disappointed, insulted, or lacking confidence in the physician, and may leave both physician and patient haunted by doubts (â€Å"Maybe the condition is real. † or â€Å"Maybe this doctor doesn’t know what s/he is talking about. †). Root-work/Obeah: DSM IV-TR (2000), states that a set of cultural interpretations that ascribe illness to hexing, witchcraft, sorcery, or the evil influence of another person. Symptoms may include generalized anxiety and gastrointestinal complaints (e. g. , nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea), weakness, dizziness, the fear of being poisoned, and sometimes fear of being killed (voodoo death). DSM IV-TR site roots, spells, or hexes can be put or placed on other persons, causing a variety of emotional and psychological problems. The hexed person may even fear death until the root has been taken off, or eliminated usually through the work of the root doctor (a healer in this tradition), who can also be called on to bewitch an enemy. Roots is found in the southern United States among both African-American and European American populations and in the Caribbean societies. Obeah (sometimes spelled Obi) is a term used in the West Indies to refer to folk magic, sorcery, and religious practices derived from Central African and West African origins. Obeah can either be a form of dark magic or good magic. As such, Obeah is similar to Palo, Voodoo, Santeria, root-work, and hoodoo. Obeah (another name used in the Caribbean society) is practiced in Suriname, Jamaica, Haiti, the Virgin Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, and Belize, the Bahamas, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Barbados and many other Caribbean countries. Obeah is associated with both benign and malign magic, charms, luck, and with mysticism in general. In some Caribbean nations Obeah refers to African diasporic folk religions; in other areas, Christians may include elements of Obeah in their religion. Obeah is often associated with the Spiritual Baptist church. Origins: In Jamaica, slaves from different areas of Africa were brought into contact, creating some conflicts between those who practiced varying African religions. Those of West African Ashanti descent, who called their priests Myal men (also spelled Mial men), used the Ashanti term Obi or Obeah meaning sorcery to describe the practices of slaves of Central African descent. Thus those who worked in a Congo form of folk religion were called Obeah men or sorcerers. Obeah also came to mean any physical object, such as a talisman or charm that was used for evil magical purposes. However, despite its fearsome reputation, Obeah, like any other form of folk religion and folk magic, contains many traditions for healing, helping, and bringing about luck in love and money. Elements (key features/symptoms) According to Hughes, Simons Wintrob, 1997 study, knowledge about a culture-bound syndrome, can address the relationship between the culture-bound syndrome and the more familiar psychiatric disorders, such as those in DSM-IV. These researchers call this the comorbidity question on the assumption that studying the culture-bound syndromes patterned relationship to psychiatric diagnoses is a more fruitful approach than attempting prematurely to subsume it into the DSM diagnostic categories. Systematic research has identified strong correlations between culture-bound syndromes and criteria for psychiatric disorder, but there is rarely a one-to-one relationship between culture-bound syndrome and psychiatric disorder. The culture-bound syndromes often coexist with a range of psychiatric disorders, as many psychiatric disorders do with each other. The comorbidity question brings culture-bound syndrome research in line with current approaches in psychiatric research. Differences in the symptomatic, emotional, and contextual aspects of cultural syndromes, in turn, may signal different comorbid relationships with psychiatric diagnosis or even the lack of such a relationship. Opinion The extra ordinary addition of culture-bound syndromes in DSM-IV provides the opportunity for improving the need to study such syndromes and the chance for developing a research to study them. The growing ethnic and cultural diversity of the U. S. population presents a challenge to the mental health field to develop truly cross-cultural approaches to mental health research and services. This addition will give researchers the chance to study the relationship between culture-bound syndromes and psychiatric diagnoses. In my opinion a research program based on key questions is still unanswered, which is understanding culture-bound syndromes within their cultural context and to analyze the relationship between these syndromes and psychiatric disorders. Reference DSM -IV-TR Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2000). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (4th ed. ). Washington, DC: Author. Hughes CC, Simons RC, Wintrob RM: The Culture-Bound Syndromes and DSM-IV, in DSM-IV Sourcebook, vol 3. Edited by Widiger TA, Frances AJ, Pincus HA, Ross R, First MB, Davis W. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1997, pp 991–1000 Retrieved July 29, 2009 from American Journal of Psychiatry.

Suicide Resulting from Job Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Suicide Resulting from Job Stress - Essay Example Studies have also revealed that most of the people relate their mental health problems to their job and the cost of the time which is lost due to any kind of mental health problem is immense. (Lewis, 2003). Every year in the UK, the absences due to stress related issues cost 4 billion pounds annually. Estimates in Canada reveal that annually the cost of time lost due to stress costs $ 12 billion. Factors that cause stress at workplace There are some people who think that stress works as a motivator and thus it is positive, however it can also be negative if it is very much and the workers get negatively affected by it. Excess stress can also result in various problems such as physical and health problems as well as thoughts of suicide. There are various factors that contribute to workplace stress. For instance, very long hours at work or a lot of work are a cause of stress. However, even if the work is too less it can also be a cause of stress for an individual. Other factors are thr eats to personal safety which occurs mainly in those places of work which are dangerous such as coal mines and oil refinancers. At every workplace, workplace conflict is a must and it occurs between those employees who disagree with one another on anything. This also occurs because of politics at work. Moreover, due to inflation and for cost cutting purposes, companies often downsize and opt for cutbacks which increase the issue of job security. Poor communication is another factor that causes stress at workplace because when the people are unable to understand what has been communicated to them, things do not work well. Besides this, lack of autonomy at work, few chances of growth and advancement and low involvement in decision making are some other factors. (Leat, 2001). Suicidal behaviors at the workplace Any individual who recognizes the signals a depressed person gives can intervene and help that person. However, most of the people do not feel comfortable being involved in such cases due to fear. There are some strategies that help in overcoming this fear and these are mentioned below. The companies should educate the employees as well as the management regarding suicide and they must be informed about the factors and warning signs that lead to suicide. Before any kind of crisis occurs, community resources and the referral options must be identified. The employees should know that intervening in their life does not mean that the counseling process would be prolonged. After A Suicide Attempt When an employee attempts for suicide, there are two major concerns he has when he returns to the job. Firstly, he thinks he would go through psychiatric hospitalization and secondly their other concern is what their colleagues will think about them. It is shown in some studies that psychiatric hospitalization can be negative for an employee since it can lead to assumptions which are incorrect because of which the individual will not be treated properly. There are howe ver some steps which can be followed to make it easy for the employees to return to their work without much problems. (Barker, 2008). The management must safeguard the confidentiality of the employee that he has attempted